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121.
Jonathan F. Bard 《Journal of criminal justice》1978,6(2):99-116
The criminal justice system is administered at the local level by many independent agencies and departments, often without regard to each other's objectives and often at the expense of overall effectiveness. This study has attempted to relate the primary system goal of crime control to a set of policy alternatives distributed over each criminal justice sector. Specifically, a simulation model based on the techniques of “industrial dynamics” was developed to evaluate combinations of the following policies: speedy trial, no plea bargaining, and restricted bail. Data obtained from the District of Columbia's criminal justice agencies were used to validate the model. The results of the analysis indicate that the system is basically insensitive to small perturbations, but is susceptible to disruption from large changes in input and procedure. Under the given set of assumptions, continuation of current practices will lead to a gradual deterioration in performance that can only be stemmed by large expenditures on manpower and facilities. 相似文献
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Jonathan Fox 《Development in Practice》2007,17(4-5):663-671
The concepts of transparency and accountability are closely linked: transparency is supposed to generate accountability. This article questions this widely held assumption. Transparency mobilises the power of shame, yet the shameless may not be vulnerable to public exposure. Truth often fails to lead to justice. After exploring different definitions and dimensions of the two ideas, the more relevant question turns out to be: what kinds of transparency lead to what kinds of accountability, and under what conditions? The article concludes by proposing that the concept can be unpacked in terms of two distinct variants. Transparency can be either ‘clear’ or ‘opaque’, while accountability can be either ‘soft’ or ‘hard’. 相似文献
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The assumed etiology of adolescent illegitimate pregnancy is reviewed, and seven central concepts are indicated. The prognostic value of these, concepts, expressed as antecedent attitudes, is evaluated by secondary analysis of data drawn from a lengthy, survey of seventh graders. A multiple regression equation, of three factor-analysis terms, CR2=0.83, is described.Now located in Israel. Major research interest is social psychiatry.Major research interest is cultural psychiatry. 相似文献
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Extent, trends, and perpetrators of prostitution-related homicide in the United States 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Brewer DD Dudek JA Potterat JJ Muth SQ Roberts JM Woodhouse DE 《Journal of forensic sciences》2006,51(5):1101-1108
Prostitute women have the highest homicide victimization rate of any set of women ever studied. We analyzed nine diverse homicide data sets to examine the extent, trends, and perpetrators of prostitution-related homicide in the United States. Most data sources substantially under-ascertained prostitute homicides. As estimated from a conservative capture-recapture analysis, 2.7% of female homicide victims in the United States between 1982 and 2000 were prostitutes. Frequencies of recorded prostitute and client homicides increased substantially in the late 1980s and early 1990s; nearly all of the few observed pimp homicides occurred before the late 1980s. These trends may be linked to the rise of crack cocaine use. Prostitutes were killed primarily by clients, clients were killed mainly by prostitutes, and pimps were killed predominantly by pimps. Another conservative estimate suggests that serial killers accounted for 35% of prostitute homicides. Proactive surveillance of, and evidence collection from, clients and prostitutes might enhance the investigation of prostitution-related homicide. 相似文献
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