英美法院系统

<正> 一、英国法院英国的法院,可以从不同的角度进行不同的分类。首先,可把英国的法院分为高等法院和下级法院。高等法院包括上诉法院和高级法院(the high court,它由大法官法庭"the Chancery Division"、高等法庭"the Queen’sBench Division"和专门法庭"the family division"组成,在伦敦和几个地区性中心开     

Hospital and patient characteristics of uncompensated hospital care: policy implications

For this study, a sample of 1,689 patients classified as "charity" and "bad debt" cases in 1986 were identified from 27 general acute care hospitals and one tertiary hospital in Indiana. Half of the hospitals were in rural areas and 57 percent were small (less than 150 beds). Most of the patients (87.2 percent) incurred uncompensated amounts under $2,500, and 40 percent of the cases were below $500. About 72 percent of the patients with uncompensated care were from the same county as the location of the hospital (range from 30.9% to 100.0%). The majority of the cases (79.4 percent) with over $5,000 in uncompensated care were treated in urban hospitals. The average age of these patients was 27.2 years. Fifty-four percent of the patients were single, 60.7 percent were female, and nearly all (83.0 percent) were discharged to home care. Only 44.6 percent of the patients with uncompensated care had no insurance; 46.8 percent had some form of commercial insurance which covered part of the charges for care. The most common diagnosis for these patients was pregnancy and childbirth (22.8 percent), with injury and poisoning second (10.7 percent). The cases with $5,000 or more in bad debt (about 4 percent of the cases) account for 28.3 percent of the total uncollected amount. Bad debt represents a cost of doing business. Any national effort to contain health care costs must address this problem.     

Boxed In: Human Cargo and the Technics of Comfort

Since the 1990s, public outcries over the “return” of human cargo commonly point to the physical horrors of travel as a key sign of the inhuman and the unfree in contemporary social life. Whether in debates over migrant shipwrecks across the Mediterranean or over air rage battles on budget American flights, the moving vehicle and its uncomfortably tight quarters often serve as the space par excellence for grappling with questions of proper stranger sociality and the limits of “fellow feeling” or moral sympathy in a globalizing world. This paper examines how a relatively novel problem of “comfort” came to inform and shape the politics of mobility starting in the late eigteenth century when abolitionists first successfully argued for distinguishing the human/izing rights of passengers from the movement of nonhuman goods through sensory invocations of the techno-rational and embodied terrors of the slave ship. Through both the historical and contemporary cases discussed, this paper suggests that the problem of comfort was never just a technical one of cramped transport resolvable through mere material and instrumentalist means. Rather, comfort is better described as a form of technics in so far as its technical-material dimensions are always already entangled with an existing social repertoire of ideas, habits, and aspirations, that is, it has aesthetic and affective capacities as part of moral imaginaries of how to deal with Others and, in turn, how to live the good life.     

仁护民主:现代民主与中国传统的结合——牟宗三思路的缺陷及其出路

在中国人对民主和传统产生双重渴望的今天,能否在二者之间发现更紧密的关联,是中国政治学面临的一大挑战。牟宗三看到了仁与民主之间的紧张关系,主张通过仁的自我坎陷的方式,为民主开出一块独立于道德的自我运行空间。这种努力并不怎么成功,主要是因为牟宗三对民主的理解有缺陷。如果看到民主的宽广和优质的含义,就会发现仁与民主之间有更直接的关联,由此可以产生一种"仁护民主"的理念。这种民主可以理解为仁的公共运用与个体运用的结合,它所要形成的是一种有仁有义、相互关怀、公益涌现的民主社会,而不是冷酷无情、相互算计、私欲横行的政治竞技场。     

我国农村的村民自治问题研究——以广东省肇庆市端州区村委会换届选举为例

村民自治是我国民主政治的重要组成部分,它对于农村的政治稳定和经济的发展具有不可低估的作用,如何建设具有中国特色的基层民主政治一直是党和政府所关注的问题.完善农村村民自治需要做好如下工作:坚持党的领导,充分发扬民主,严格依法办事;正确处理乡镇与村及村"两委"的关系;进一步完善以村务公开、民主评议、民主理财为主要手段的民主监督制度;加大宣传力度,树立正确的村民自治观.     

金融危机与世界走势

当前仍在发展的世界金融和经济危机确实是上世纪30年代以来最严重的世界性危机,危机会持续多久、造成多大的危害、对世界各国的影响究竟会怎样仍有待观察.目前看,此次金融和经济危机对世界所有国家都造成重创,对世界政治、经济和安全格局肯定会有长期、深层次、战略性影响;对世界各国的经济制度、经济和社会价值观念、思想、理论,对政府在经济生活中的地位作用,以及对世界范围内的经济、政治和社会思想、思潮、观念等,都已经并将继续产生影响,甚至会在一定程度上改变世人对不同经济与政治制度、体系及机构的看法和要求.