Violence risk and gang affiliation in youth offenders: a recidivism study

Abstract

Youth gangs are ubiquitous around the world and have been problematic for the social and criminal justice agencies. Despite widespread public concern, there has been relatively scarce empirical scrutiny of youth gangs internationally and little outside of America and Europe. In particular, the activities of youth gangs, the function of gang membership, the criminogenic needs of gang-affiliated youth, and the risk of criminal recidivism for gang-affiliated youth remain unclear. Against this background, this study explored the sociodemographic characteristics, risk and rate of criminal recidivism in a cohort of 165 male youth offenders in Singapore, of which 58 were gang-affiliated. Multivariate analyses revealed that gang-affiliated youth offenders were significantly more likely to have histories of substance use, weapon use and violence than nongang-affiliated youth offenders. Gang-affiliated offenders also scored higher on measures of risk for recidivism (SAVRY and YLS/CMI), and engaged in violent and other criminal behaviors more frequently during follow-up. These differences indicate a significant relationship between gang affiliation and criminal recidivism in youth offenders. Furthermore, these findings have important clinical and policy implications, indicating an increased requirement for additional and more intensive assessment and tailored interventions for gang-affiliated youth offenders.     

两岸合作开发南海渔业资源法律机制构建

南海自古以来便是中国渔民的重要作业渔场。两岸合作开发南海渔业资源,是解决南海争端的重要着手点和突破口。两岸南海渔业合作符合双方共同利益,但这一合作必定面临诸多内外因素阻碍。内部因素是两岸主权共识缺失、互信基础薄弱、沟通渠道有限;外部因素是南海周边国家的分化和美国的阻扰。然而,南海渔业资源北衰南兴的现状与外来侵渔的紧迫形势决定了两岸加紧合作共同维护南海渔业资源主权权利是必要的。目前两岸在政策、法律和技术层面的一致性、默契性和互补性也决定了双方南海渔业合作是可行的。两岸可基于《海峡两岸经济合作框架协议》已搭建的制度化平台,由两岸经济合作委员会成立南海渔业工作小组,通过签订协议的方式构建南海渔业资源合作开发法律机制。     

Eclipse or reconfigured? South Korea's developmental state and challenges of the global knowledge economy

Abstract

Globalists and former students of the Asian developmental state maintain that the latter has succumbed to the forces of globalization. They believe that the global knowledge economy involves the thorough integration of the global economy, continuous innovation and networks rather than hierarchies and that these factors are foreign to the operational logic of the developmental state and thus render it obsolete. This article contends that the global economy is not as open as supposed, and that the challenges posed by the knowledge economy, while genuine, tend to be uneven. Focusing on Korea's information technology sector and relying on documentary and interview data, the present article suggests that, while the Korean state no longer relies on its erstwhile finance and regulation strategies, it has continued to articulate development visions and sought to achieve them through deploying public resources to structure the market. Rather than going into eclipse, the Korean developmental state has been reconfigured.     

＂民主恳谈＂：政府创新的维度与限度

民主恳谈作为一个政府创新行为和结果,经历了四个发展阶段,从中可见政府创新有以下维度:领导者的重视和引导;外脑的理论支持和制度设计;创新与既有制度之间的衔接。"民主恳谈"探索了一条公民有序政治参与的有效路径,促进了政府-公民互信,促进了服务型政府的形成,但也反映出政府创新的限度受制因素:政府官员的政绩追求与任期之间的关系;保持制度的稳定性与改革政府管理体制之间的关系;公民社会的发育程度与政府创新目的之间的关系。     

从闭关到进入WTO之中国

2001年12月11日,中国正式加入世界贸易组织(WTO),成为第143个成员。回顾中国从闭关到进入WTO的长期而曲折的历程,是具有重大历史意义和现实意义的。     

论"汽车社会"领域的政府职能转型

随着我国经济的快速发展,人们对汽车尤其是小型私人汽车的消费量迅速增加,"汽车社会"准备不足将带来消极影响和不良后果."汽车社会"领域的政府应把工作重点从"缺位"、"越位"中拉回来;用汽车消费政策引导"绿色汽车社会";启动与汽车相关的服务业;并努力学习国外相关的先进经验.     

先进文化与农村小康建设

先进文化与农村小康建设有着非常密切的关系.只有发展农村文化教育事业,转变农民的传统观念,提高农民的文化素质,推广科学技术,加强精神文明建设,才能推动农村经济的发展,实现小康目标.     

公平正义：通向和谐社会的“桥基”

公平正义是和谐社会的核心理念,也是构建和谐社会的基石。现代社会公平观必须以人本身为出发点和目的,有利于人的全面发展,有利于整个社会的发展,其主要原则包括:人格公平原则;机会公平原则;分配公平原则。和谐社会是追求公平正义的社会,构建社会主义和谐社会必须大力促进社会公平正义。     

毛泽东对辽宁工业寄予厚望

中华人民共和国成立后,毛泽东十分重视辽宁工业基地的建设和发展,曾两次来过辽宁。第一次来辽宁是在建国初期,辽宁工业正在恢复和建设时期的1950年的关键时刻。第二次来辽宁,是在我国第一个五年计划刚刚结束后的1958年老工业基地形成时期。毛泽东两次来辽宁,先后作过许多重要讲话,这些讲话为辽宁工业基地的建设指明了方向,也给了辽宁人民以极大的鼓舞,并为辽宁老工业基地的形成奠定了基础。今年12月26日,是毛泽东诞辰110周年纪念日,今天,我们在积极投身振兴辽宁老工业基地的伟大实践中,重温毛泽东对辽宁工业关怀的这段历史,倍感亲切。