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71.
72.
Joy D. Osofsky Frank W. Putnam Judge Cindy S. Lederman 《Juvenile & family court journal》2008,59(4):91-102
Vicarious traumatization, compassion fatigue, or secondary traumatization refers to the cumulative effect of working with survivors of traumatic life events as part of everyday work. Although this issue has been acknowledged and addressed among professionals such as police officers and medical professionals, it has been discussed less among juvenile and family court judges who also experience secondary traumatic stress. In fact, in one recent study, a majority of judges reported one or more symptoms of secondary traumatization. This article describes the common signs and symptoms of secondary trauma, job‐related factors that contribute to secondary trauma among judges, and the potential negative impact on organizational performance. The authors conclude with specific recommendations tailored for juvenile and family court judges. 相似文献
73.
How do non-democratic countries credibly commit to policies in front of domestic and international audiences? Unlike democracies,
non-democracies do not have functioning electoral systems and free presses to make their commitments costly thus credible.
Yet, the need to credibly commit to a policy arises for non-democracies as well. In particular, when non-democratic leaders
push for economic reforms, they need to coordinate the beliefs of domestic groups and attract international resources. How
do non-democracies solve the commitment problem and succeed in achieving their policy goals? In this study, we argue that
international institutions provide an important mechanism through which non-democratic countries could credibly signal their
commitment to open economic policies. We test the argument with the involvement of IMF programs by post-communist countries
from 1989 to 2005. We find that while IMF status is used as a credible commitment device for all countries, the effect is
more significant for non-democracies. 相似文献
74.
Purpose
This study applies the concept of restrictive deterrence to a sample of drug market offenders. In particular, we assess the influence of behavioral changes post-arrest on time to rearrest.Methods
The sample consists of arrest data on all drug offences in South Australia from the start of 2000 to the end of 2007 (n = 26819). Cox proportional hazard models are used to conduct survival analyses. Supplementary models focus on those repeatedly arrested for cannabis cultivation to assess the influence of adjusting amounts of drugs on time to rearrest.Results
Changing behaviors is related to more rapid rearrest. Switching offense location, drug seriousness, and charge seriousness are all risk factors. However, among offenders repeatedly arrested for cannabis cultivation, changing location and increasing the number of plants they grow is related to a longer period before rearrest.Conclusions
Offenders that change their drug market behavior after being arrested appear to be placing themselves in situations in which they are more likely to fail due to the dangers of breaking into an unfamiliar market or offense pattern. Offenders with the longest post-arrest survival seem to be those that maintain their overall pattern of behavior while implementing subtle arrest avoidance techniques. 相似文献75.
Recent research in decision-making has demonstrated the “dud-alternative effect”—the tendency to become more confident that
a chosen response option is correct if it is surrounded by implausible response options (Windschitl & Chambers, J Exp Psychol
30:198–215, 2004). This finding may be applicable to a lineup task: The presence of duds (i.e., highly dissimilar fillers) may increase a
witness’s confidence that an identified (non-dud) lineup member is the criminal. Four studies (N = 665) demonstrate that the mere presence of highly dissimilar fillers inflates witnesses’ confidence in a mistaken identification
(Studies 1–4), provides evidence that this confidence inflation is due to the duds inflating the perceived similarity of the
other lineup members to the criminal (Studies 2, 3), and delineates some conditions under which the effect holds (Studies
3, 4). The addition of highly dissimilar lineup members, far from being inert, as is often implicitly assumed, can bias witnesses’
confidence reports. 相似文献
76.
77.
Catherine Owen 《欧亚研究》2017,69(3):379-400
This article explores contrasting conceptions of the essentially contested concept obshchestvennyi kontrol’, as understood by the anti-systemic opposition and the Kremlin. It shows that the period of contention accompanying the 2011–2012 elections allowed competing narratives of this concept to emerge. First, the opposition presented it as a means for citizens to hold corrupt authorities accountable to the law; second, the Kremlin promoted it as a means to enhance government efficiency. The article shows that the Kremlin has co-opted the counter-hegemonic discourse into a new law which delimits the possibilities for enacting this concept in a fashion that recalls Soviet governance practices. 相似文献
78.
79.
Joy Hendry 《Japan Forum》2015,27(2):121-133
As there are many anthropologists in Japan, including those who work elsewhere, the focus here is largely on foreign anthropologists who choose Japan as a field, and whose numbers have increased exponentially during the working lifetime of the author. The perspective is from Europe, but the vital cooperation of local anthropologists in Japan is acknowledged from the outset. The paper recounts ways in which these anthropologists have themselves cooperated, reviews a selection of the theory and ethnography they have espoused, and demonstrates the importance of anthropology as a discipline essential for a good understanding of Japan and its inhabitants. 相似文献
80.