An analytical framework on extension education for agricultural and rural development

Extension education approaches generally have been visualized from isolated perspectives ranging from philosophical foundations to practical applications. This paper provides a broad analytical framework to describe and examine different scopes, elements, knowledge fields, and change areas relevant to extension education for agricultural and rural development. For the purpose of a multi-model analysis, a sample of 46 ideographic representations (schematic drawings) on agricultural and rural development-related processes was reviewed using concept-mapping techniques to prepare a computerized database management system. The discussion is based on the commonality findings among models and groups of models. He studied veterinary medicine in the National University of Mexico (1970–1975), received his master degree in agriculture at the University of Florida in 1979, and his Ph.D. in extension and adult education at Cornell University in 1990. He has published two books, the last one (1987) entitled “Extensionismo para el Desarrollo Rural y de la Comunidad” (Extension for Rural and Community Development). He is a member of the National Researchers System of Mexico, and has over 10 years of experience in various extension activities.     

克尔凯郭尔关于孤独个体的思想研究

孤独个体是克尔凯郭尔思想的一个重要范畴,它既指对人自身的限制性和扩展性因素进行综合的关系,也指单独存在的个人。前者强调孤独个体的生存不是一个有本质的存在实体,而是一个生成着的建构过程;后者强调孤独个体并不存在于理性的普遍性中,而是闭锁在个人的主观性和内向性中,即生存在极端情绪化体验的个性中。     

关于我国现阶段妇联组织能力建设的思考

文章首先认为妇联组织能力建设应从其组织定位与组织功能出发,不仅要考虑从妇联自身的生存与发展现状,还要考虑党和政府能力建设的大局、妇女的需要和妇联干部的能力。其次提出妇联组织应具备的主要能力有:组织文化建构的能力、组织与协调能力、参与和影响决策的能力、调查研究能力、宣传与倡导先进性别文化的能力、妇女工作的专业技术能力。最后提出了加强妇联组织能力建设的路径。     

发展现代社会公民俱乐部——论居住结构变化与公民民主意识的提高

社会主义民主政治建设有赖于与之相适应的公民民主意识等政治文化心理的建立.民主意识的缺失,一直是困扰我国民主政治发展的一大难题.随着住房制度的改革及房地产事业的发展,我国城市居民的居住结构发生了巨大变化.本文论证了这种变化对公民民主意识发展的促进作用,揭示了当前我国公民民主意识的缺陷与未来的发展方向.     

Efficacy of cerebro-spinal fluid biochemistry in the diagnosis of brain insult.

Postmortem biochemical indices may provide a useful adjunct to morphological studies in the identification of antemortem brain insult. We studied 34 routine medico-legal cases categorising them into one of four diagnostic groups. There were 11 cases of head trauma, 7 of 'hypoxia' (3 hangings and 4 carbon monoxide or drug poisonings), 7 sudden cardiac deaths and 9 miscellaneous cases. Survival time and postmortem interval was known for each case. The degree of cranio-cerebral trauma was graded. Cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) and vitreous humour were analysed for calcium, glucose, total proteins, aldolase, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase BB isoenzyme (CK-BB). CK-BB was also measured in superior vena cava serum. In CSF there was a significant correlation between the severity of cranio-cerebral trauma and levels of aldolase, CK-BB, AST, ALT and total proteins. CSF CK-BB, median units/l (range), for the groupings of head trauma, hypoxia, sudden cardiac death and miscellaneous were respectively 823 (2-3431); 96 (2-187); 4 (2-25); 5 (1-69). Corresponding serum CK-BB levels were 240 (28-322); 390 (26-411); 180 (20-482); 79 (18-530).     

Mycoflora of potential sanitary interest present in illicit heroin

The injection of heroin mixtures poses difficult problems in some cases to both pathologist and toxicologist in evaluating the cause of death. Direct heroin toxicity, allergic or idiosyncratic reactions, and bacterial and mycotic infections are different complications that can be found in these cases. The mycotic profile (mycoflora) present in illicit heroin from street samples (sachets) has been studied. The profile was obtained after incubating the samples at pH5 in 2% and 3% agar-maltose media. Only two samples (nos. 24 and 26) yielded negative results. Twenty-seven taxa were isolated. Penicillium and Aspergillus were the genera most frequently found in the samples. Other genera, such as Cladosporium, Absidia, Rhizopus and Micelia sterilia were also detected. Most of the fungi isolated presented a high allergenic potential and were liable to result in allergic reactions connected with "drug deaths". All the fungi found were commonly present in our environment.     

网络电视传播的文化建构

网络电视实现了电视与网络传播模式上的强强联合 ,具有与网络或电视不同的传播文化结构。发散性传播促使了传统电视受众线性思维的解构 ;网络与电视单一传播语境界限的消解 ,使同域或异域文化圈中的不同文化交流远远超出了以往任何一类传播文化形态 ;多媒体技术使传统电视的大众文化特质进一步向传播娱乐化方向发展 ,使传统传播文化的公信度、厚重度呈弱化趋势。网络电视文化从一开始就具有后现代主义文化的明显特征。     

对现场保护主体作用的几点思考

现场保护工作是侦查工作的起点和基础 ,公安机关应堵塞漏洞 ,健全机制 ,充分发挥不同层面现场保护主体的作用 ,以尽可能促进证据链的形成 ,及时有效地打击犯罪。     

Old ‘counter-revolution’, new ‘terrorism’: historicizing the framing of violence in Xinjiang by the Chinese state

ABSTRACT

China has declared a war on terrorism in Xinjiang, identifying violence in the region as a top security threat. However, what nowadays is officially constructed as ‘terrorism’ was framed as ‘counter-revolution’ in the past. Informed by the concept of macrosecuritization and the agenda of critical terrorism studies, this article examines the changing nature of Chinese state framing of violence in Xinjiang. Through a comparative analysis of the discursive construction of the Baren (1990) and Maralbeshi (2013) violent incidents, I find that the terror lexicon has replaced old narratives of counter-revolution to legitimize a sustained crackdown under a novel geopolitical context. The construction of violence in Xinjiang as terrorism, I argue, is contingent, limited and unstable. It marginalizes factors other than an extremist or separatist agency in the incubation of the violence, in particular the frictions created by the crackdown with which the Chinese government is trying to placate the unrest.     

Vitreous humor carbohydrate-deficient transferrin concentrations in the postmortem diagnosis of alcoholism

Deaths from the effects of alcohol intoxication are encountered routinely in forensic practice. In an important number of cases difficulty may arise in interpreting the significance of results obtained in the autopsy. In clinical practice biochemical markers, particularly serum gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), and erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume are used to diagnose heavy alcohol consumption. CDT is used as a reliable and specific marker. In postmortem diagnosis, because of the difficulty in interpreting blood alcohol levels and relatively non-specific pathological features, biochemical compounds have been studied for use as possible markers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the postmortem determination of CDT in vitreous humor as a confirmation of antemortem alcoholism. CDT levels were studied in 66 male cadavers with a mean age of 55.9 years (S.D. 17.0, range 22-87 years) with a mean postmortem interval of 17.9 h (S.D. 11.4, range 4-72 h). Cases were assigned to two diagnostic groups according to the antemortem diagnosis of alcoholism. Statistically significant differences were found for CDT and ALT concentrations between the two diagnostic groups. The highest vitreous humor levels of CDT and ALT were obtained in the group of cases with a previous diagnosis of alcoholism. Our results suggest that vitreous humor CDT levels are useful in cases where the postmortem diagnosis of alcoholism is hindered by the non-specificity of data.