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71.
72.
Karl Wärneryd 《Public Choice》1994,80(3-4):371-380
Intuitively, we associate different political parties with different types of policy. In contrast, this paper shows that in the absence of differential costs of membership among parties (that is, if party membership ischeap talk), party labels cannot perfectly signal the ideologies of candidates. However, under certain conditions parties can signal candidate types imperfectly. The paper therefore also provides an example of how costless communication can be effective in games of partial conflict. 相似文献
73.
Craig Bennell Geoffrey Alpert Judith P. Andersen Joseph Arpaia Juha-Matti Huhta Kimberly B. Kahn Ariane-Jade Khanizadeh Molly McCarthy Kyle McLean Renée J. Mitchell Arne Nieuwenhuys Adam Palmer Michael D. White 《Legal and Criminological Psychology》2021,26(2):121-144
Leading police scholars and practitioners were asked to reflect on the most urgent issues that need to be addressed on the topic of use of force. Four themes emerged from their contributions: use of force and de-escalation training needs to improve and be evaluated; new ways of conceptualizing use of force encounters and better use of force response models need to be developed; the inequitable application of force, and how to remediate biases, needs to be more fully understood; and misconceptions about police use of force need to be identified and corrected. The highlighted topics serve as an agenda for future research. Such research should provide greater insight into when, where, and why force is used by police officers, and how it can be applied appropriately. If implemented, the practical recommendations included in the contributions should have a positive impact on police performance, public trust and confidence in the police, and citizen and officer safety. 相似文献
74.
Annika Brändström 《Scandinavian political studies》2015,38(3):301-320
Accountability processes after crisis events sometimes entail harsh criticism from public and political players alike, forcing cabinet ministers to be on top of the political game and sometimes even resign. However, harsh accountability processes are just as likely to leave ministers undamaged. This article combines two existing theories that propose different factors to account for variation in outcomes: ministerial resignations as a consequence of cabinet formation and individual positions; or resignations as a result of blame management strategies involving individual actors within the cabinet and beyond. Ten crisis episodes in Sweden are analysed and compared. The findings suggest that individual political power bases and experience matter to how well blame management strategies can be employed, while the composition of the government gives structural constraints. The dynamic interplay and framing battle between incumbent decision makers, and external arenas and the skill with which individual ministers engage and frame responsibility, play a key role in determining their post‐crisis careers. 相似文献
75.
基于2001—2012数据和显示性对称比较优势指数(RSCA),运用散点图和非参数核密度估计统计方法,实证分析两岸农产品贸易比较优势的动态变化。结果显示:大陆农产品的比较优势在恶化,农产品出口贸易越来越集中在少数具有比较优势的产品上;台湾农产品基本上不具有比较优势,但是2007年以来比较优势有改善趋势;在双边贸易中,大陆对台湾出口农产品的比较优势总体上呈上升趋势,具有比较优势的产品在增加,而台湾对大陆农产品贸易则不具有比较优势,但是在统计期间出口专业化程度明显下降,比较优势趋于改善。 相似文献
76.
Björn Bäckström M.D. Bengt Johansson M.D. Ph.D. Anders Eriksson M.D. Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2015,60(6):1662-1665
Nitrous oxide is an inflammable gas that gives no smell or taste. It has a history of abuse as long as its clinical use, and deaths, although rare, have been reported. We describe two cases of accidental deaths related to voluntary inhalation of nitrous oxide, both found dead with a gas mask covering the face. In an attempt to find an explanation to why the victims did not react properly to oncoming hypoxia, we performed experiments where a test person was allowed to breath in a closed system, with or without nitrous oxide added. Vital signs and gas concentrations as well as subjective symptoms were recorded. The experiments indicated that the explanation to the fact that neither of the descendents had reacted to oncoming hypoxia and hypercapnia was due to the inhalation of nitrous oxide. This study raises the question whether nitrous oxide really should be easily, commercially available. 相似文献
77.
Although there seems to be a broad consensus among economists that purely floating or completely fixed exchange rates (the so-called corner solutions) are the only viable alternatives of exchange rate management, many countries do not behave according to this paradigm and adopt a strategy within the broad spectrum of exchange rate regimes that is limited by the two corner solutions. Many of these intermediate regimes are characterized by significant foreign exchange market interventions and a certain degree of exchange rate flexibility with non-preannounced exchange rate targets. While academic research in this area usually concentrates on some specific aspects of intermediate regimes (such as the effectiveness of interventions or institutional aspects), managed floating has rarely been analyzed as a comprehensive monetary policy strategy. In this paper, we present a monetary policy framework in which central banks simultaneously use the exchange rate and the interest rate as operating targets of monetary policy. We explain the mechanics of foreign exchange market interventions and sterilization and we explain why a central bank has an interest of controlling simultaneously the two operating targets. We derive the monetary policy rules for the two operating targets from a simple open economy macro model in which the uncovered interest parity condition and the monetary conditions index play a central role. 相似文献
78.
Netherlands International Law Review - 相似文献
79.
Renée Marlin–Bennett 《国际研究展望》2002,3(4):384-395
How can internships and other forms of experiential or service learning be designed to best accomplish academic goals? This article explores the benefits and pitfalls of experiential education by looking at the relevant scholarly literature and at students' and faculty members' experience with the American University–Amnesty International USA Summer Institute on Human Rights. Overall, faculty and students report that internships, when integrated with traditional classroom learning, greatly enhance learning overall. The article suggests strategies for structuring internships to enrich students' learning. 相似文献
80.
With the aim of investigating factors affecting willingness to pay for municipality child care, a survey was undertaken in
Sweden of 1840 parents living in five municipalities of different sizes. On the basis of the greed-efficiency-fairness hypothesis
(Wilke, 1991) which is supported by results from experimental social dilemma research, it was hypothesized that perceived
fairness of how the quality of child care is distributed (equal, proportional to need, or proportional to payment) as well
as of method of payment (collectively by taxes or proportional to use by fees) would be important determinants of willingness
to pay. Results showed that perceived fairness of how quality of child care is distributed played some role but that other
factors had stronger effects. Perhaps also reflecting fairness considerations, willingness to pay by fees was on average higher
than willingness to pay by taxes. Predicted from previous research, willingness to pay by taxes was furthermore found to increase
with income and degree of use. However, willingness to pay by taxes showed an increase rather than the predicted decrease
with municipality size. 相似文献