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31.
David D. Henry III Nicholas Z. Muller Robert O. Mendelsohn 《Journal of policy analysis and management》2011,30(3):598-612
The sulfur dioxide (SO2) cap and trade program established in the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments is celebrated for reducing abatement costs ($0.7 to $2.1 billion per year) by allowing emissions allowances to be traded. Unfortunately, places with high marginal costs also tend to have high marginal damages. Ton‐for‐ton trading reduces emissions in low damage areas (rural) while increasing emissions in high damage areas (cities). From 2000 to 2007, conservative estimates of the value of mortality risk suggest that trades increased damages from $0.8 to $1.1 billion annually relative to the initial allowance allocation and from $1.5 to $1.9 billion annually relative to a uniform performance standard. With U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) values, trades increased damages from $2.4 to $3.2 billion annually compared to the initial allowance allocation and from $4.4 to $5.4 billion compared to a uniform performance standard. It is not clear that the ton‐for‐ton SO2 cap and trade program is actually more efficient than comparable command and control programs. The trading program needs to be modified so that tons are weighted by their marginal damage. © 2011 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management. 相似文献
32.
Rao et al.'s method of sex determination, which considers the mandibular canine index (MCI) is one giving satisfactory results. However, they did not take occlusion into consideration. The aim of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the effectiveness of this method with respect to tooth alignment.The study population involved the students enrolled in the University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis. Two hundred and ten girls and 214 boys were randomly sampled (1/20). Both tooth sizes and dental arches were measured using a vernier calliper to calculate MCI for both sexes. The results were compared to standard MCI, taking into account tooth alignment.Rao et al.'s method can only be used in the case of correct lower-anterior dental alignment and by using the standard MCI of the local population. 相似文献
33.
There is little research to date on the role of sibling relationships in mitigating attachment-related trauma. This paper is a clinical case study that illustrates the therapeutic process involved in working with siblings as well as the parent–child dyad, following a history of intra-familial trauma. We present an attachment-based treatment approach that recognizes and makes clinical use of a secure sibling attachment system. The process of facilitating therapeutic change in children with an insecure attachment style in relation to their parents, contrasted with a relatively secure sibling attachment system, is discussed. The implications of improved parent–child relationships on family outcomes, as well as on sibling relationships, are also explored. 相似文献
34.
Julie S. Cinamon Robert T. Muller Susan E. Rosenkranz 《Journal of family violence》2014,29(7):725-737
The goal of the current study was to evaluate the extent to which abuse history predicted change in treatment in an inpatient setting. Poly-victimization and trauma severity were examined as predictors of treatment response measured by the Trauma Symptom Checklist-40 and the Symptom Checklist-90-R at admission, discharge, and 6-months follow-up. Data from 161 clients of an inpatient trauma treatment program were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results indicate that level of poly-victimization predicted treatment response from admission to discharge on two of four outcome variables; however, this relationship was not found at follow-up. Further analyses suggest that the difference in treatment response at discharge among clients with higher rates of poly-victimization was an artifact of scores at admission. Trauma severity analyses reveal that differing types of abusive experiences generally did not predict treatment response. Overall, results demonstrate that this inpatient treatment program is similarly effective for a broad array of patients, including those with a greater number, and higher severity, of victimizations. 相似文献
35.
M. Muller 《Diplomacy & Statecraft》2002,13(1):1-30
The article raises questions such as: 'Is South African "economic" diplomacy primarily "economic"?' and 'how altruistic in intention are the diplomatic efforts currently being undertaken by South Africa?' These questions flow from the interplay between the premise that economic diplomacy seeks to serve economic interests through diplomatic means, and the pronouncements made by South African decision makers that point to a broader, more altruistic agenda being pursued. In exploring the political and economic elements of current South African economic diplomacy, some pertinent aspects of South Africa's foreign and economic policies are highlighted, and South African economic diplomacy is broadly sketched. The focus is on the post-1994 period, but developments are put in historical perspective. The article concludes that current South African economic diplomacy serves both economic and political interests and that it is deployed in an extremely complex environment in which it is virtually impossible to disentangle the economic from the political and the altruistic from self-interest. 相似文献
36.
Takaaki Shinomiya Maurice Muller Pierre H. Muller René Lesage 《Forensic science international》1978,12(2):157-163
Conclusive evidence was obtained in this study that immunoelectrophoresis could be used in the identification of blood-stains in two particular cases: for diagnosis or approach to diagnosis of the age of a blood-stain, and for diagnosis of the human origin of a blood-stain that had been treated with petroleum products.Although many aspects should be investigated in more detail, it is certain that this method can be employed in combination with other methods. 相似文献
37.
Zeichner A Eldar B Glattstein B Koffman A Tamiri T Muller D 《Journal of forensic sciences》2003,48(5):961-972
Experiments were conducted to collect gunpowder (propellant) residues from shooters' clothing by vacuum and to analyze them by gas chromatography/thermal energy analyzer (GC/TEA), ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The residues were collected on fiberglass and Teflon filters using the portable vacuum sampler, all supplied with the IMS instrument. Several solvents were examined for the extraction of the propellant components from the filters. The extracts were centrifuged and/or filtered, concentrated by evaporation, and analyzed without any additional clean-up procedure. Based on the results of the study, an operational method for analysis of gunpowder residues was introduced into casework without changing the present operational technique for gunshot (primer) residue (GSR) analysis on clothing implemented by the Israel Police. In the modified method, the clothing is first sampled by double-side adhesive-coated aluminum stubs (the tape-lift method) for GSR analysis (the existing method), followed by vacuum collection for propellant residue examination. The issue of interpretation of the analytical results is discussed. 相似文献
38.
Every state in the United States authorizes its courts to issue civil orders of protection for victims of domestic violence.
Ideally, restraining orders should be available to all victims. However, consistent with the patriarchal paradigm, research
suggests that judicial responses to domestic violence temporary restraining order (TRO) requests may be sex-differentiated.
This paper reports on a study that explored equal protection issues in family law by evaluating gender and violence profiles
of a random sample of 157 TRO petitions involving intimate partners, dating couples, and married persons in a California district
court. The majority of cases involved allegations of low or moderate levels of violence perpetrated by male defendants against
female plaintiffs. Although there were no systematic differences in level of violence as a function of plaintiff sex, judges
were almost 13 times more likely to grant a TRO requested by a female plaintiff against her male intimate partner, than a
TRO requested by a male plaintiff against his female partner. Further analyses revealed that this sex differentiation was
limited to cases involving allegations of low-level violence.
相似文献
Henry J. MullerEmail: |
39.
E.R. Muller U. Rosenthal B. Krop A.G.W. Rosenthal 《European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research》2000,8(2):125-139
The Minister of the Interior and Kingdom Relations commissioned the Crisis Research Center (COT)/University of Leiden to provide a profile of the current status of the organisation of Euro 2000 by compiling two audits. The first audit took place in February 2000. The authors report in this article on the results of this audit. It comprises of a content audit (enforcement; arrests and prosecution supervision, transportation and stay; hospitality) and a process audit (preparation, organisation, information, media and communication, after-phase). The audit framework offers both the researchers and the organisations involved a workable checklist for analysing and implementing the preparations for Euro 2000. In practice, it gives the researchers and the officials the idea that they have considered all the conceivable aspects of organising large-scale events. 相似文献
40.
The assessment of risk and prediction of violence in mental health units can play a large role in creating a safer environment for both the staff and the patients. Nurses in forensic units are in a unique position in regards to assessment of violence as they spend a great deal of time with the patients. Nurses on a forensic mental health unit scored the Brøset Violence Checklist (BVC) twice daily for 12 weeks for all patients either resident on or admitted to the unit (N?=?46). The Staff Observation Aggression Scale-Revised (SOAS-R) was used to report any adverse incidents (N?=?51). Data were examined at the both the item and scale level. Main results showed the area under the curve values of the BVC score, slide rule, and the sum of BVC and slide rule score in turn demonstrated strong predictive accuracy for inpatient aggression (0.68–0.73). Through logistic regression analyses the BVC uniquely predicted inpatient aggression but adding the slide rule did not improve prediction. Predictive accuracy was found across three diagnostic groups – dementia, psychosis and substance use disorders. These results provide further support on the predictive accuracy of the BVC for short-term violence in forensic mental health settings. 相似文献