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111.
The predictive accuracy of Static-2002 (Hanson & Thornton, Notes on the development of Static-2002 (Corrections Research User
Report No. 2003-01), 2003) was examined in eight samples of sexual offenders (five Canadian, one U.S., one U.K., one Danish;
total sample of 3,034). Static-2002 showed moderate ability to rank order the risk for sexual, violent and general (any) recidivism
(AUCs of .68, .71, and .70, respectively), and was more accurate than Static-99. These findings support the use of Static-2002
in applied assessments. There were substantial differences across samples, however, in the observed sexual recidivism rates.
These differences present new challenges to evaluators wishing to use actuarial risk scores to estimate absolute recidivism
rates. 相似文献
112.
Why Emotions Matter: Expectancy Violation and Affective Response Mediate the Emotional Victim Effect
The mechanisms behind the ‘emotional victim effect’ (i.e., that the emotionality of a rape victim’s demeanor affects perceived
credibility) are relatively unexplored. In this article, a previously neglected mechanism—observers’ affective response to
the victim—is proposed as an alternative to the traditional expectancy-violation account. The emotional victim effect was
replicated in an experiment with a sample of police trainees (N = 189), and cognitive load was found to increase the magnitude of the effect. Importantly, both compassionate affective response
and expectancy violation actively mediated the emotional victim effect when the other mechanism was controlled for. These
findings extend previous research on credibility judgments by introducing a ‘hot’ cognitive component in the judgment process.
Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. 相似文献
113.
Some recent articles have proposed that the confidence interval for the predicted outcome of a single case can be used to
describe the predictive accuracy of risk assessments (Hart et al. Br J Psychiat 190:60–65, 2007b; Cooke and Michie, Law Hum Behav 2009). Given that the confidence intervals for an individual prediction are very large, Cooke and colleagues have questioned the
wisdom of applying recidivism rates estimated from group data to single cases. In this article, we argue that the confidence
intervals for the recidivism outcome predicted for a single case will range between zero to one (i.e., be uninformative) when
the outcome is dichotomous and the predicted probability is between .05 and .95. This is true by definition and limits the
utility of using individual confidence intervals to measure predictive accuracy. Consequently, other quality indicators (many
of which are non-quantitative) are needed to determine the accuracy and error of risk evaluations. 相似文献
114.
With the economics of racism of the 1930s and 1950s American South in mind, our essay explores the relationship between the
act of writing and institutional penology. Taking an obscure, but visceral autobiographical account by Paterson and Conrad
(Scottsboro Boy, Garden City Doubleday, 1950), we examine how discipline, punishment, and institutional identity emerge out of publishing, or, as Foucault put it, “the
power of writing.” Narratives of delinquency born out of a racialized penal economy tend to resist attempts to tame the criminal,
making institutional survival a productive discourse, and its articulation, a unique revolutionary act.
相似文献
Karl Precoda (Corresponding author)Email: |
Paulo S. PolanahEmail: |
115.
Previous psychological research on criminal investigation has not systematically addressed the role of deductive and inductive reasoning skills in decision-making in detectives. This study examined the relationship between these skills derived from a cognitive ability test used for police recruitment and test scores from an investigative reasoning skills task (Fahsing and Ask 2016). Newly recruited students at the Norwegian Police University College (N = 166) were presented with two semi-fictitious missing-person cases and were asked to report all relevant hypotheses and necessary investigative actions in each case. The quality of participants’ responses was gauged by comparison with a gold standard established by a panel of senior police experts. The scores from the deductive and inductive reasoning test were not related to participants’ performance on the investigative reasoning task. However, the presence or absence of an investigative “tipping-point” (i.e. arrest decision) in the two cases was systematically associated with participants’ ability to generate investigative hypotheses. Methodological limitations and implications for police recruitment and criminal investigative practice are discussed. 相似文献
116.
Manfred Burgstaller Karl Weber Alexander Tipold Reinhold Beiser Rummel 《Juristische Bl?tter》2009,131(2):132-136
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
117.
Karl O'Lessker 《Public Budgeting & Finance》1992,12(3):3-18
Beginning with Eisenhower in 1953, newly elected presidents have proposed revisions to the budgets their predecessors submitted just before leaving office. Only Eisenhower and Reagan enjoyed substantial success in these efforts; the other four soon found that Congress has become increasingly determined to work its own will in budgetary matters. While we have only six cases of new presidents who tried to revise their predecessors' budgets, it seems clear that the two most significant determinants of success have been the personal popularity of the president and a favorable ideological (not partisan) balance in Congress. 相似文献
118.
To what extent is the European Union (EU) exercising global regulatory power? This article investigates this question through a comparative study of two significant global policy fields: data-protection and banking with a special focus on the choice of policy instruments. Both cases suggest that the actual role of the EU is more complex than either exercising or being subjected to global regulatory power. This concerns not only the relationship between the EU and the member-states. The article suggests that the EU is in a better position to conclude global regulatory deals when the negotiating competencies sit with one EU institutional actor. 相似文献
119.
120.