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Bright JA Cockerton S Harbison S Russell A Samson O Stevenson K 《Journal of forensic sciences》2011,56(1):181-185
Abstract: A year after the introduction of Identifiler? into the forensic DNA laboratories of the Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited (ESR), increasing occurrences of dropout of the three loci, D7S820, D18S51, and FGA, were observed in samples where the DNA was not degraded and sufficient DNA was present that full DNA profiles were to be expected. The dropout was either partial or complete at these loci. Full profiles could sometimes be obtained by reamplification of samples using the same input amount of DNA. After a thorough investigation of the methods and procedures used in the laboratory, the cause of this inhibition was identified as the cleaning agent TriGene? ADVANCE. This was determined after the deliberate addition of varying amounts of different cleaning reagents into the DNA amplification reactions. At concentrations of 0.004% TriGene? ADVANCE caused inhibition resulting in tri‐loci dropout. At concentrations of 0.04% and higher, complete inhibition was observed. An effect was also seen on the amplification of samples using the Y STR profiling system PowerPlex®Y. This work highlights the importance of checking all reagents and chemicals prior to use, even those with no apparent direct influence on the DNA profiling process. 相似文献
313.
In support of a unitary conceptualization of retributive justice (justice through the imposition of punishment) and restorative
justice (justice through dialogue aimed at consensus), three studies using hypothetical and recalled experiences of victimization
found that people’s endorsement of, and satisfaction with, either justice notion depends on the symbolic meaning of the transgression.
In Study 1, perceiving the transgression as a status/power violation was uniquely related to the endorsement of retributive
justice, whereas perceiving it as a violation of shared values was uniquely related to restorative justice. In Study 2, motivation
to restore status/power was related to retributive responses, whereas motivation to restore value consensus with the offender
was uniquely related to restorative responses. In Study 3, a scenario experiment, respondents called for greater additional
sanction when the applied justice process (retributive vs. restorative) did not fit the salient meaning of the transgressions
compared to when it did (status/power vs. values). 相似文献
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The field of Third World studies is thought once again to be in a state of crisis, thanks largely to disillusionment with
the once-dominant dependency “paradigm.” Amidst renewed interest in developmentalism and the clamor for an alternative to
dependency, this article argues, first, that the major achievements of dependency theory remain largely unrecognized because
the approach has been so frequently misrepresented or misunderstood. Whatever the ultimate status of dependency’s theoretical
claims, it contains elements of a countermodernist attitude which ought to be retained in any new approach to the study of
Third World development.
Second, the article argues that, despite these accomplishments, dependency remains trapped, along with developmentalism, within
a modernist discourse which relies on the principles of nineteenth century liberal philosophy; that it treats the individual
nation-state in the Third World as the sovereign subject of development; and that it accepts the Western model of national
autonomy with growth as the appropriate one to emulate. The final section of the article discusses the efforts of a number
of scholars to ground knowledge in local histories and experiences rather than building theory through the use of general
conceptual categories and Western assumptions. Although these ideas currently remain on the margins of Third World studies,
it is to be hoped that dependency’s loss of intellectual hegemony has at least opened up a space for them to be taken seriously,
in the same way that dependency was itself taken seriously in the late 1960s.
Kate Manzo is assistant professor of political science at Williams College in Williamstown, MA 01267. Her research and writing
interests focus on theories of development and on the nature of South African change. She is currently at work on a book entitledAfrikanerdom and Race: The Nature of Ideology in a Changing Society. 相似文献
318.
Sheffield Jeanie K. Fiorenza Erika Sofronoff Kate 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2004,33(6):495-507
Although a relatively high percentage of Australian adolescents experience mental health problems, many disturbed adolescents do not receive the help they require, and only a small proportion of adolescents seek professional psychological help. The present study examined adolescents' willingness to seek help and investigated factors that promote and prevent adolescents from seeking help for a mental illness from both formal and informal sources. Secondary school students (254 in number) from schools in Brisbane, Australia completed a questionnaire that examined the relationship between demographic and psychological variables, attitudes toward mental illness, and willingness to seek help for a mental illness. Results suggest that adolescents with greater adaptive functioning, fewer perceived barriers to help seeking, and higher psychological distress were more willing to seek help from formal and informal sources for a mental illness. Greater social support also predicted willingness to seek help from informal sources. Although attitudes toward mental illness did not influence willingness to seek help, less stigmatising attitudes were related to higher knowledge of mental illness, being female, and higher levels of social support. Implications for the present study focus on enhancing the ability of mental health interventions to increase adolescents' willingness to seek psychological help.Received PhD from The University of Queensland 相似文献
319.
Kate Barclay 《亚洲研究》2013,45(4):507-540
Increased interactions between groups of people through modernization may be embraced as mutually enriching or denounced as causing “negative social impacts.’ This paper is predicated on the assumption that people's perceptions of modernization projects influence their outcomes, because people resist rather than commit to negatively perceived projects. The nature of social contact brought about through modernization is a key factor in perceptions of modernization projects. Three types of social contact in a fishing joint venture between the Solomon Islands government and a Japanese company are explored in this paper: contact between men and women, between ethnic groups within Solomon Islands, and between Solomon Islanders and foreigners. Some of the criteria by which interviewees judged social contact included whether it was peaceful or caused friction, whether it caused cultural change, and whether it was hierarchical. The types of contact are discussed in terms of those criteria to reveal their varied effects on perceptions of modernization. 相似文献
320.