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11.
Klaus Eder 《Berliner Journal für Soziologie》2000,10(2):167-184
Es gibt bereits viel europäische Öffentlichkeit. Die öffentliche Thematisierung Europas wie im BSE-Fall, im Korruptionsfall oder im Bereich der Migrationspolitik hat Resonanzen erzeugt, die über nationale Öffentlichkeiten hänausreichen. Um diese Öffentlichkeit in Europa zu fassen, wird zunächst ein analytisches Modell der variablen sozialen Lokalisierung dieser Öffentlichkeit vorgeschlagen. Im Unterschied zu nationaler Öffentlichkeit ist diese Öffentlichkeit nicht mehr an die Unterstellung einer Sprachgemeinschaft (ein ?Volk“ oder ?Demos“) gebunden. An deren Stelle treten Netzwerke politischer Akteure, die über issue-spezifische Kommunikationsgemeinschaften, nicht mehr über Sprachgemeinschaften zusammengehalten werden. Die Strukturoptionen dieser emergenten Öffentlichkeit werden schließlich in einem weiteren analytischen Modell bestimmt mit Implikationen für die normative Frage nach der Demokratisierungsfunktion und -fähigkeit europäischer Öffentlichkeit. 相似文献
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Schneider PM Bender K Mayr WR Parson W Hoste B Decorte R Cordonnier J Vanek D Morling N Karjalainen M Marie-Paule Carlotti C Sabatier M Hohoff C Schmitter H Pflug W Wenzel R Patzelt D Lessig R Dobrowolski P O'Donnell G Garafano L Dobosz M De Knijff P Mevag B Pawlowski R Gusmão L Conceicao Vide M Alonso Alonso A García Fernández O Sanz Nicolás P Kihlgreen A Bär W Meier V Teyssier A Coquoz R Brandt C Germann U Gill P Hallett J Greenhalgh M 《Forensic science international》2004,139(2-3):123-134
Degradation of human DNA extracted from forensic stains is, in most cases, the result of a natural process due to the exposure of the stain samples to the environment. Experiences with degraded DNA from casework samples show that every sample may exhibit different properties in this respect, and that it is difficult to systematically assess the performance of routinely used typing systems for the analysis of degraded DNA samples. Using a batch of artificially degraded DNA with an average fragment size of approx. 200 bp a collaborative exercise was carried out among 38 forensic laboratories from 17 European countries. The results were assessed according to correct allele detection, peak height and balance as well as the occurrence of artefacts. A number of common problems were identified based on these results such as strong peak imbalance in heterozygous genotypes for the larger short tandem repeat (STR) fragments after increased PCR cycle numbers, artefact signals and allelic drop-out. Based on the observations, strategies are discussed to overcome these problems. The strategies include careful balancing of the amount of template DNA and the PCR cycle numbers, the reaction volume and the amount of Taq polymerase. Furthermore, a careful evaluation of the results of the fragment analysis and of automated allele calling is necessary to identify the correct alleles and avoid artefacts. 相似文献
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Rogde S Hougen HP Poulsen K 《The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology》2003,24(3):288-291
In the Oslo and Copenhagen areas, 77 instances of blunt force homicides were committed from 1985-1994, accounting for 18% of all homicides in that 10-year period. Fifty-four (70%) of the victims were male, often killed by an acquaintance during a fight. Almost 70% of the female victims were killed in their own home, whereas that was the case for only 30% of the male victims. The majority of the victims (of both sexes) had been hit in more than 1 region of the body. A female offender was encountered in 4 instances; none of their victims were children. Of the 3 children in the blunt force victim group, 2 were battered children. Many of the victims with a blood alcohol level of 0 turned out to have lived for some time after the injury. 相似文献
14.
Balogh MK Burger J Bender K Schneider PM Alt KW 《Forensic science international》2003,137(2-3):188-195
A systematic study was conducted to investigate whether DNA can be successfully extracted from latent fingerprints deposited on ordinary paper and analysed using short tandem repeat profiling and mitochondrial DNA sequencing. In order to evaluate the performance of latent fingerprint analysis in a criminal case, experiments with varying conditions were carried out to improve our understanding of low copy number (LCN) DNA typing. After optimising the extraction methods to achieve increased sensitivity, the examination of touched paper can routinely yield the STR profile of the individual who has touched it. A fingerprint can therefore be considered as a potential source of DNA for genetic identification. Nevertheless, the findings of our "after enhancement experiment" (using chemically or physically pre-treated fingerprints), and our "mixture experiment" (using fingerprints from three to four people on the same sheet of paper) help to define the limitations of the low copy number PCR technique in forensic casework. 相似文献
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Klaus von Lampe 《Trends in Organized Crime》2007,10(3):135-139
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