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11.
Sierra F. Kaszubinski B.Sc. Jennifer L. Pechal Ph.D. Carl J. Schmidt M.D. Heather R. Jordan Ph.D. Mark E. Benbow Ph.D. Mariah H. Meek Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2020,65(2):513-525
Microbial communities have potential evidential utility for forensic applications. However, bioinformatic analysis of high-throughput sequencing data varies widely among laboratories. These differences can potentially affect microbial community composition and downstream analyses. To illustrate the importance of standardizing methodology, we compared analyses of postmortem microbiome samples using several bioinformatic pipelines, varying minimum library size or minimum number of sequences per sample, and sample size. Using the same input sequence data, we found that three open-source bioinformatic pipelines, MG-RAST, mothur, and QIIME2, had significant differences in relative abundance, alpha-diversity, and beta-diversity, despite the same input data. Increasing minimum library size and sample size increased the number of low-abundant and infrequent taxa detected. Our results show that bioinformatic pipeline and parameter choice affect results in important ways. Given the growing potential application of forensic microbiology to the criminal justice system, continued research on standardizing computational methodology will be important for downstream applications. 相似文献
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Heather Braun 《Journal of Gender Studies》2018,27(4):375-387
The enduring debate about family size has roots in Victorian England, most notably in literary works addressing the issue of balancing motherhood and a writing career. One Victorian writer and activist, Augusta Webster (1837–1894), directly addressed the issue of family size in her uncompleted sonnet sequence Mother and Daughter (1895), which she began when her only child was a newborn. In this posthumous series of 14-line poems, Webster defends her decision to have one child and, in doing so, challenges popular assumptions that only women with multiple children could be considered ‘complete’, socially-acceptable mothers. Despite her efforts, however, and despite the rising popularity of one-child families, the results of numerous scientific studies and the lingering critiques of mommy blogs make it clear that challenges to mothers of ‘onlies’ remain. 相似文献
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Past research indicates that anticipating adverse outcomes, such as early death (fatalism), is associated positively with adolescents’ likelihood of engaging in risky behaviors. Health researchers and criminologists have argued that fatalism influences present risk taking in part by informing individuals’ motivation for delaying gratification for the promise of future benefits. While past findings highlight the association between the anticipation of early death and a number of developmental outcomes, no known research has assessed the impact of location in a context characterized by high perceptions of fatality. Using data from Add Health and a sample of 9,584 adolescents (51 % female and 71 % white) nested in 113 schools, our study builds upon prior research by examining the association between friends’, school mates’, and individual perceptions of early fatality and adolescent risk behaviors. We test whether friends’ anticipation of being killed prior to age 21 or location in a school where a high proportion of the student body subscribes to attitudes of high fatality, is associated with risky behaviors. Results indicate that friends’ fatalism is positively associated with engaging in violent delinquency, non-violent delinquency, and drug use after controlling for individual covariates and prior individual risk-taking. Although friends’ delinquency accounts for much of the effect of friends’ fatalism on violence, none of the potential intervening variables fully explain the effect of friends’ fatalism on youth involvement in non-violent delinquency and drug use. Our results underscore the importance of friendship contextual effects in shaping adolescent risk-taking behavior and the very serious consequences perceptions of fatality have for adolescents’ involvement in delinquency and drug use. 相似文献
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Heather L. Lawford Anna-Beth Doyle Dorothy Markiewicz 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2013,42(12):1847-1857
Generativity, defined as concern for future generations, is theorized to become a priority in midlife, preceded by a stage in which intimacy is the central issue. Recent research, however, has found evidence of generativity even in adolescence. This longitudinal study explored the associations between caregiving in friendships, closely related to intimacy, and early generative concern in a young adolescent sample. Given the importance of close friendships in adolescence, it was hypothesized that responsive caregiving in early adolescent friendships would predict later generative concern. Approximately 140 adolescents (56 % female, aged 14 at Time 1) completed questionnaires regarding generative concern and responsive caregiving with friends yearly across 2 years. Structural equation modeling revealed that caregiving predicted generative concern 1 year later but generative concern did not predict later caregiving. These results suggest that caregiving in close friendships plays an important role in the development of adolescents’ motivation to contribute to future generations. 相似文献
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Michael A. Busseri Teena Willoughby Heather Chalmers 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2007,36(3):279-289
A large volume of research has investigated interrelations among adolescent risk behaviors. Although several theoretical accounts
have been proposed, researchers have not directly examined hypotheses for why risk behaviors are linked. In the present paper, a distinction is drawn between predictive factors that explain variance
in risk behaviors and “linkage factors” which may provide an explanation for why risk behaviors are interrelated. The relevance
of linkage factors to risk behavior research, theory, and practice is described. Further, a simple to use and easy to interpret
analytic technique for exploring linkage-related issues is illustrated. Using this technique, hypotheses regarding the role
of predictors in explaining linkages among risk behaviors can be tested directly. The proposed line of inquiry will provide
valuable input for intervention efforts and theoretically relevant information concerning linkages among adolescent risk behaviors.
Research Associate at the Brock Research Institute for Youth Studies at Brock University, Ontario, Canada. He received his
M.A. in Clinical Psychology from the University of North Dakota. His major research interests are adolescent risk behavior
involvement and youth activity involvement as a context for positive development.
Professor in the Department of Child and Youth Studies at Brock University, Ontario, Canada. She received her Ph.D. in Developmental
Psychology from the University of Waterloo. Her major research interests include adolescent risk taking and resilience, including
academic underachievement and media/technology influences on lifestyle choices and learning.
Assistant Professor in the Department of Child and Youth Studies at Brock University, Ontario, Canada. She received her Ph.D.
in Developmental Psychology from Brock University. Her major research interests are adolescent risk-behavior involvement,
particularly related to gambling, and risk and resilience. 相似文献
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Danny Dorling Heather Eyre Ron Johnston & Charles Pattie 《The Political quarterly》2002,73(4):476-492
But actually, he thought as he re–adjusted the Ministry of Plenty's figures, it was not even forgery. It was merely the substitution of one piece of nonsense for another. Most of the material that you were dealing with had no connexion with anything in the real world, not even the kind of connexion that is contained in a direct lie. Statistics were just as much a fantasy in their original version as in their rectified version. 相似文献
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