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11.
Katrina Rebecca Bloch Rodney L. Engen Kylie L. Parrotta 《Criminal Justice Studies》2014,27(4):419-438
This study examines the intersection of offenders’ race and gender in the sentencing process using data on felony cases sentenced in North Carolina. Analyses examine the likelihood that charges were reduced in severity between initial filing and conviction, the likelihood of imprisonment, and the length of sentence imposed, and test whether race affects punishment similarly for men and women. Results indicate that status characteristics predict both reductions in charge severity and the severity of the final sentence, and that racial disparity is conditional on gender. However, the results are not entirely consistent with predictions derived from the extant literature. Gender significantly predicts case outcomes at each stage, but black men were not uniformly disadvantaged, and black women received the least severe treatment in two out of four analyses. Theoretical implications for the intersection of race and gender in sentencing theories are discussed. 相似文献
12.
Recent published research has lead to improved techniques for recovering latent fingermarks from metallic surfaces. The present study corroborates and extends some of the work carried out by Bond [1], [2], [3], but an alternative mechanism is proposed for the thermal visualisation of fingermarks based on differential oxidation and the production of interference colours that improve contrast. Fingermarks treated at low temperature could be reheated to enhance recovery, but an upper temperature limit occurs beyond which the mark degrades. The mechanism of enhancement is discussed. 相似文献
13.
In a clinical sample of child psychiatry outpatients, chart review data were collected for 114 consecutive admissions over a 1-year period at a Child and Adolescent Outpatient Psychiatry Clinic. Data included history of documented maltreatment, potentially traumatic domestic or community violence, neglect or emotional abuse, and noninterpersonal stressors as well as demographics, psychiatric diagnoses, and parent-rated child emotional and disruptive behavior problems. On a bivariate and multivariate basis, any past exposure to interpersonal violence-but not to noninterpersonal traumas-was related to more severe disruptive behavior problems, independent of the effects of demographics and psychiatric diagnoses. Noninterpersonal trauma and psychiatric diagnoses were associated with emotional problems; exposure to interpersonal violence appeared to partially account for this relationship despite not being independently associated with emotional problem severity. History of exposure to interpersonal violence warrants clinical and research attention as a severity marker and potential treatment focus in psychiatric outpatient services for children, particularly those with disruptive behavior problems. 相似文献
14.
Preston M. Mote Jeffrey S. Neuschatz Brian H. Bornstein Stacy A. Wetmore Kylie N. Key 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2018,33(4):375-384
Prior research has shown that primary confession evidence can alter eyewitnesses’ identifications and self-reported confidence. The present study investigated whether secondary confession evidence from a jailhouse informant could have the same effect. Participants (N?=?368) watched a video of an armed robbery and made an identification decision from a photo lineup. Except for those in the no-feedback conditions, all participants then read that certain lineup members either confessed to the crime, denied involvement, or were implicated by a jailhouse informant. Jailhouse informant testimony implicating the identified lineup member led participants to have significantly higher confidence in their identification. In contrast, jailhouse informant testimony that implicated a lineup member other than the identified led participants to have significantly lower confidence in their initial identification, and 80% of these witnesses changed their identification. These results indicate that jailhouse informant testimony can influence eyewitnesses’ confidence and their identification decisions. 相似文献
15.
Plastics including adhesive tapes, cable ties, and packaging are common evidence types encountered in forensic investigations and casework. Traditional examination techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy lack specificity and are unable to discern differences within the same polymer structures leaving the analyst with a generic identification. High quality manufacturing methods further amplify the limitations in detecting variability between samples. Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) has been shown to be a valuable technique in further discriminating plastics. Discrimination is achieved by analysing the relative abundances of stable isotopes within a sample, with differences detected in isotope ratios possibly attributed to the source of raw materials and fractionation during the manufacturing process. A survey of cling wraps and re-sealable zipper storage bags collected in the Australian Capital Territory was undertaken to assess the variability in carbon and hydrogen isotope ratios of different brands and samples. The results of this research are discussed, particularly with respect to within and between brand trends, and a case study is presented as an example of the value of including IRMS in a casework context. 相似文献
16.
17.
Joseph P. Daly David R. Williams Stephen J. O’Connor Richard W. Pouder 《Social Justice Research》2009,22(4):335-350
There is a controversy in the justice literature as to whether interpersonal aspects of justice are best represented as one
construct (interactional justice) or two (interpersonal justice and informational justice). Using confirmatory factor analysis,
we tested competing models of these constructs on a sample of healthcare consumers (n = 1919) with respect to their justice judgments of primary care physicians. We found that the single factor model (interactional
justice) represented a better fit to the data. Our results do not necessarily contradict those of prior studies that have
found a better fit for a bi-dimensional model in organizational settings, however. Instead, we are suggesting a contingency
approach: the results may be due in part to the halo effect, which may manifest itself where consumers are unfamiliar with
the service provider and with the complexities of that person’s role. 相似文献
18.
Given its duration and intensity, the decades-old civil war in Turkey between the Turkish state and the PKK has resulted in relatively low levels of lethal inter-communal conflict between Kurdish and Turkish populations. However, around the June 2015 elections an unprecedented wave of systematic anti-Kurdish violence swept across western Turkey. The paper will assess these events in relation to literature on communal riots and electoral violence. It will consider the impact of state led anti-Kurdish discourse and the growth of the HDP, as potential factors that aggravated the dormant tensions and laid the groundwork for widespread inter-communal violence. 相似文献
19.
O'Connor M Sanson A Hawkins MT Letcher P Toumbourou JW Smart D Vassallo S Olsson CA 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(7):860-874
This article responds to recent calls for a focus on successful development in young people and examination of its developmental
precursors, in order to identify potentially modifiable targets for interventions. The current study examined child and adolescent
precursors of positive functioning in emerging adulthood, including individual characteristics, relationship factors, and
connections to the community, using a multidimensional positive development measure at 19–20 years. The sample consisted of
511 males and 647 females who were participants in the Australian Temperament Project, a population based longitudinal study
that has followed young people’s psychosocial adjustment from infancy to early adulthood. Higher levels of positive development
in emerging adulthood were associated with stronger family and peer relationships, better adjustment to the school setting,
higher family socioeconomic status, and better emotional control. Some significant gender differences were observed, with
emotional control, family relationships, and community orientation all being stronger predictors of males’ than of females’
positive development. The findings provide possible targets for child and adolescent interventions to promote positive development
in early adulthood. 相似文献
20.
There is consensus in the partner abuse prevention education literature that a skills-focus is needed. However, appropriate
instruments for evaluating the effectiveness of skills-focused programs do not exist. Against this background, and based on
the dyadic slippery slope model of partner abuse, the Tendency to Resist or End Abusive Dynamics (TREAD) scale was developed.
TREAD is defined as one’s tendency to respond assertively or protectively in situations involving warning-sign (potentially
hurtful or controlling) behaviors by a partner. The scale’s development drew on the input of three Australian samples: mixed-gender
adolescent focus groups, 426 young female respondents to an online survey, and 152 adolescent girls participating in a school-based
program trial. When tested with the 152 adolescent girls, the TREAD scale had acceptable internal consistency and high inter-rater
reliability. Principal components analysis identified three interrelated TREAD subscales (i.e., Conflict-Retaliation TREAD,
Denigration TREAD, and Dominance-Possessiveness TREAD) all of which were negatively associated with frequency of exposure
to warning-sign behaviors. This paper charts the preliminary development of the TREAD scale, presenting evidence supporting
its validity as a change-target for partner abuse prevention education with adolescent girls and, potentially, boys. 相似文献