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11.
Butler JM Schoske R Vallone PM Kline MC Redd AJ Hammer MF 《Forensic science international》2002,129(1):10-24
A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay capable of simultaneously amplifying 20 Y chromosome short tandem repeat (STR) markers has been developed to aid human identity testing and male population studies. These markers include all of the Y STRs that make up the "extended haplotype" used in Europe (DYS19, DYS385, DYS389I/II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, and YCAII) plus additional polymorphic Y STRs (DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS447, DYS448, DYS388, DYS426, GATA A7.1, and GATA H4). Primers for the markers DYS385, DYS389, and YCAII target duplicated regions of the Y chromosome and thus can provide two polymorphic peaks for each respective primer set. This Y STR 20plex, which utilizes 34 different PCR primers, is the first to include a simultaneous amplification of all the markers within the European "minimal" and "extended" haplotypes. Relative primer positions are compared between the newly developed primers described here and previously published ones. Efforts were made to avoid X chromosome homology in the primer design as well as close packing of PCR product size ranges in order to keep all alleles less than 350 bp through careful examination of known allele ranges. Haplotype comparisons between the 20plex and a commercially available kit found excellent agreement across the 76 samples in the Y chromosome consortium panel. 相似文献
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Lay sentencing attitudes are considered in the light of two theoretical perspectives. The first perspective views sentencing
attitudes as parts of broader sets of social representations anchored in one’s position in the social structure. The second
perspective explains sentencing attitudes by their subjective experiences of crime. This paper tests both theories by performing
a series of multiple regressions on two dimensions of sentencing: punishment goals and severity of punishment. Empirical data
comes from a quantitative survey conducted in Switzerland. Findings reveal that indicators of subjective proximity to crime
largely account for sentencing attitudes. Nevertheless, social representations of crime measured by causes of crime also have
a significant impact on sentencing attitudes. Implications of these findings for sentencing in Western democracies are discussed. 相似文献
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H.-J. Hammer 《Forensic science international》1980,16(1):35-41
Five methods are described for the detection of latent fingerprints on human skin: the X-ray method, the application of laser radiation, the iodine-silver plate transfer method, development with iron powder and Dakty-foil, as well as the photographic paper lift technique. Experiences with the application of these methods in forensic investigations are reported, and impeding factors are outlined. The simpler methods (the detection of such prints with iron powder and Dakty-foil as well as the photographic paper lift technique) are to be preferred for the investigation at the scene of the crime. 相似文献
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A growing body of scholarship has pointed to the problems of positivist assumptions that underlie policy analysis. Scholars have noted that neither the ends nor the methods by which judgments are derived are unambiguous or value-free. In the place of a positivist epistemology, some scholars have argued for a view of policy analysis as a rhetorical activity. In this view, the analyst becomes a participant in strategies of persuasion in-which the reasons for decisions are rhetorically constructed. Neither view, though, provides an adequate basis upon which the analyst is to form judgments that can claim public validity. In this essay, we draw on the work of Hannah Arendt whochallenges the distinction between “subjectivity” and “objectivity” upon which much of the contemporary debate hinges. Arendt argues for a notion of “impartiality” that arises from the imagining of other perspectives. In this way, the validity of judgments depends on a broadened perspective gained through a grasping of particulars. It is within this context that we can understand the importance of narratives in policy evaluation and judgment. 相似文献
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Canada's goal in the Asia Pacific 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Frank Langdon 《The Pacific Review》2013,26(2):383-400
Canada's chief goal in the Pacific is to gain a greater share in the economic growth of East Asia while promoting regional stability through middle power multilateralism. Like other Western countries in the Pacific Canada should strongly support trans‐oceanic groups like the ASEAN PMCs and the APEC group as well as the numerous non‐governmental organizations devoted to keeping the countries on both sides of the Pacific cooperating together, both developed and developing. Both the US under Clinton and Canada under Chretien seem to believe the economic future of their countries depends to a significant extent on participating in East Asian economic development. Giving good economic relations precedence over sanctions suggests that they have committed themselves to that course. If successful, Canada's regional activism may help to counter its weakening European ties and its greater absorption into North America, and it may help to increase its foreign influence and independence. 相似文献
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In Carney v Newton [2006] TASSC 4 the Tasmanian Supreme Court heard a claim that the defendant breached his duty of care by failing to properly diagnose and treat a node positive carcinoma in the plaintiff's breast tissue. At trial, argument turned on the actual dialogue that took place during the initial consultation, with significant reliance on the clinical notes of the defendant. The court gave considerable weight to "expert" witnesses in ascertaining the acceptability of the defendant's conduct concerning the maintenance and interpretation of his clinical notes. This raises important questions in relation to proof of quality of medical records as part of the current professional standard of care, as modified by recent legislation in most jurisdictions. 相似文献
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Quintana-Murci L Bigham A Rouba H Barakat A McElreavey K Hammer M 《Forensic science international》2004,140(1):113-115
Twelve Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (STRs), DYS19, DYS385, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS388, DYS426 and DYS439 were typed in Berber-speaking (n=49) and Arabic-speaking (n=60) population samples from Morocco. 相似文献