Forensic evaluation and haplotypes of 19 Y-chromosomal STR loci in Koreans

In this study, 19 Y-specific STR loci (DYS19, DYS389I/II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385, DYS388, DYS434, DYS435, DYS436, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS446, DYS449, and DYS464) were analyzed in 301 unrelated Korean males by three multiplex PCR systems. The haplotype diversity using the classical set of Y-STRs (DYS19, DYS389I/II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, and DYS385; multiplex I) was 0.9963. For the same individuals, the haplotype diversity value using the new set of highly informative Y-STRs (DYS385, DYS446, DYS449, and DYS464; multiplex III) was 0.9989, while that using the combined set of Y-STRs by adding DYS388 to the previously studied DYS434, DYS435, DYS436, DYS437, DYS438, and DYS439 (multiplex II) was 0.9509. A total of 297 different haplotypes were identified using the 19 Y-STR markers, of which 293 were unique and 4 were found twice. The overall haplotype diversity was 0.9999. The evaluation of the information of selected markers by combination of each marker with the minimal haplotype showed that DYS434, DYS435, DYS436, DYS437, and DYS438 do not significantly contribute to increment of haplotype diversity. However, respective conjunction of DYS464, DYS449, and DYS446 with the minimal haplotype considerably increased the haplotype diversity. Especially, DYS464 is expected to be the most useful marker that can be included in the expanded minimal haplotype. These results including the haplotype data at 19 Y-STR loci in the present study would provide useful information in forensic practice in a Korean population.     

论提单首要条款的性质和效力

提单的首要条款是指明提单特定事项受某公约或某国家特定国内法支配的条款 ,从性质上讲 ,就是法律适用条款。提单首要条款 (特殊法律适用条款 )与提单一般法律适用条款地位相同 ,如果提单中这两类条款同时存在 ,且规定不同 ,则可考虑采用“分割适用互相补充法”或“重叠适用和谐解释法”。提单首要条款有效与否关键是要经过法院地国法官所认定的内国的具有绝对效力的强行法的考验     

价值让渡与品牌商品价格战的理性辨析

价格战作为企业营销的策略之一,体现了企业为实现自己的营销目标而实行的定价艺术和技巧。定价过高,会影响消费的经济利益从而失去消费;定价过低,则会影响企业的收益目标和企业的长期发展。判断某一商品的价格战对企业的经营是否有利,关键在于企业制定的商品价格是否恰当。“顾客价值让渡”是“整体顾客成本”和“整体顾客价值”之间的差额部分,也是决定品牌商品价格的重要依据。理性分析品牌商品的价格构成,是正确决策品牌商品介入价格战的前提。     

"三个代表"的重要思想与高校学生党建工作

"三个代表"的重要思想,是新时期党的建设的纲领,它提升了高等院校学生党建工作的战略地位,对高等院校的学生党建工作具有前瞻性和全局性的指导意义,今后高校学生党建工作应以"三个代表"的重要思想为指导,为党培养高素质的后备人才,推进社会主义现代化建设.     

王观澜——关注“三农”第一人

今年是王观澜同志诞辰100周年.王观澜是中国共产党最早从事农民运动和土地革命的领导人之一.他长期奋战在农村第一线,深入实际,调查研究,参与党和政府许多重大的土地和农村政策的制定,尤其对我党早期土地和农村政策的制定做出过巨大贡献.毛泽东曾评价说:王观澜是我们党内最懂得农民与土地问题的人之一.     

Explaining Ethnic Autonomy Regimes in Latin America

Through a systematic examination of nine cases, the author identifies factors that enabled indigenous movements in five Latin American countries to secure formal recognition of politico-territorial autonomy regimes. All nine cases occurred within the framework of a larger regime bargain—either (1) peace talks intended to end armed struggle when the regime faced a serious challenge to maintain political order or territorial control, or (2) a severe crisis of legitimacy and governability that forced political elites to renegotiate fundamental regime structures via the process of constitutional reform. In the five successful cases, changes in the political opportunity structure occurred that favored indigenous autonomy claimants. These changes were the opening of access to decision-making spheres and the emergence of an influential ally. Donna Lee Van Cott is assistant professor of political science at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. She is author ofThe Friendly Liquidation of the Past: The Politics of Diversity in Latin America and editor ofIndigenous Peoples and Democracy in Latin America.     

Internet与中国监狱网站

Intemet是一个开放的全球范围内的通信网络。目前中国监狱网站发展水平还不高,急需政府的参与和投入,建立有影响的、权威的、官方的中国监狱网站。     

汽车司机让无驾证人驾车行为定性

汽车司机明知同车人员无驾驶证,将车辆交给其驾驶,因而造成重大交通事故,这种行为明显侵犯了法益,具有主观过错,所造成的危害结果与该行为之间有明显因果关系,应当以交通肇事罪认定。     

从权利角度分析中国人诉讼观念的变化

从维护自身权利角度出发,不同历史时期人们的诉讼观念有所变化。“无讼”是中国传统法律文化的基本价值取向,被历代统治者巧妙运用,以“息讼”的方式达到其统治目的,“厌讼”成为相当普遍的诉讼心理。现代社会,中国人权利意识不断增强,随之诉讼观念也发生变化。由于法律制度本身和权利主体自身原因,仍有相当一部分人面对诉讼时选择了规避,转向其他途径来保护自己的权利。     

论公安院校图书馆员队伍建设

公安院校图书馆员必须具备良好的思想政治素质、专业素质和身心素质。公安院校要切实加强馆员队伍建设,既要严把进人关,又要创造条件留住人才,并且要切实加强提高馆员专业知识、业务能力、思想政治素质和职业道德修养的继续教育。