An analysis of North Korea’s economic development with special reference to agriculture

The article examines North Korea’s record of economic development with special reference to agriculture. There has been some success in grain production using a centrally directed economy and the Juche method and Chungsan-ri spirit of farming. However, too much emphasis on grain production has resulted in shortages of other agricultural products, such as livestock and livestock products. A fundamental problem in North Korea is that the economy as a whole is supply-constrained, a common failing of planned economies.     

如何坚持执政为民

执政为民是党的性质的根本要求。坚持执政为民 ,必须把最广大人民的根本利益作为其出发点和归宿 ;在加大改革力度的问题上 ,要充分考虑人民的承受力 ;同时更应关注人的全面发展问题。     

Mitochondrial DNA sequencing of beetle larvae (Nitidulidae: Omosita) recovered from human bone

The isolation, amplification, and characterization of human DNA from hematophagous (blood feeding) and necrophagous (carrion feeding) arthropods have been advanced significantly by the development of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) DNA sequencing methodologies. Historically, DNA technology has been successfully utilized to identify individual hosts upon which species of hematophagous arthropods have fed. The analysis of hematophagous insects' gut content blood meals has led to major advances in medical entomology and vector-borne disease epidemiology. In the forensic arena, the ability to apply similar techniques to insects recovered from badly decomposed remains has been greatly enhanced through the advent of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) techniques. Mitochondrial DNA analyses have been utilized to identify both the human remains upon which fly larvae (maggots) have fed and the species of the larvae themselves. The preliminary work detailed here demonstrates, for the first time, the successful application of mtDNA sequencing techniques to the analysis of necrophagous beetle larvae. A small sample of sap beetle larvae, Omosita spp. (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), was collected from human skeletal remains during anthropological examination and analyzed for human DNA using mtDNA sequencing. The beetle larvae yielded mtDNA matching that of the host human bone. The results detailed here further demonstrate the robust nature of human mtDNA and the ability to recover valuable mtDNA evidence from forensically important, late decompositional stage insect species.     

PCR扩增体系的体积减少对DNA分析的影响

目的探讨PCR扩增体系的体积减少对DNA分析的影响。方法4份样品采用ProfilerPlus试剂盒,在同样条件下,对50μl、25μl、12.5μl、6.25μl四种体积的体系进行扩增,扩增产物分别经ABIPRISMTM310型基因分析仪、ABIPRISMTM377型测序仪、ABIPRISMTM3100型基因分析仪电泳,并经GeneScan3.1基因扫描软件和Genotyper2.5分析软件分析得到实验结果。结果小体积的扩增体系容易出现等位基因的丢失、额外等位基因的产生等现象。结论在检材情况较差时,应该慎用小体积的扩增体系。     

Forensic evaluation and haplotypes of 19 Y-chromosomal STR loci in Koreans

In this study, 19 Y-specific STR loci (DYS19, DYS389I/II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385, DYS388, DYS434, DYS435, DYS436, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS446, DYS449, and DYS464) were analyzed in 301 unrelated Korean males by three multiplex PCR systems. The haplotype diversity using the classical set of Y-STRs (DYS19, DYS389I/II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, and DYS385; multiplex I) was 0.9963. For the same individuals, the haplotype diversity value using the new set of highly informative Y-STRs (DYS385, DYS446, DYS449, and DYS464; multiplex III) was 0.9989, while that using the combined set of Y-STRs by adding DYS388 to the previously studied DYS434, DYS435, DYS436, DYS437, DYS438, and DYS439 (multiplex II) was 0.9509. A total of 297 different haplotypes were identified using the 19 Y-STR markers, of which 293 were unique and 4 were found twice. The overall haplotype diversity was 0.9999. The evaluation of the information of selected markers by combination of each marker with the minimal haplotype showed that DYS434, DYS435, DYS436, DYS437, and DYS438 do not significantly contribute to increment of haplotype diversity. However, respective conjunction of DYS464, DYS449, and DYS446 with the minimal haplotype considerably increased the haplotype diversity. Especially, DYS464 is expected to be the most useful marker that can be included in the expanded minimal haplotype. These results including the haplotype data at 19 Y-STR loci in the present study would provide useful information in forensic practice in a Korean population.     

论提单首要条款的性质和效力

提单的首要条款是指明提单特定事项受某公约或某国家特定国内法支配的条款 ,从性质上讲 ,就是法律适用条款。提单首要条款 (特殊法律适用条款 )与提单一般法律适用条款地位相同 ,如果提单中这两类条款同时存在 ,且规定不同 ,则可考虑采用“分割适用互相补充法”或“重叠适用和谐解释法”。提单首要条款有效与否关键是要经过法院地国法官所认定的内国的具有绝对效力的强行法的考验     

价值让渡与品牌商品价格战的理性辨析

价格战作为企业营销的策略之一,体现了企业为实现自己的营销目标而实行的定价艺术和技巧。定价过高,会影响消费的经济利益从而失去消费;定价过低,则会影响企业的收益目标和企业的长期发展。判断某一商品的价格战对企业的经营是否有利,关键在于企业制定的商品价格是否恰当。“顾客价值让渡”是“整体顾客成本”和“整体顾客价值”之间的差额部分,也是决定品牌商品价格的重要依据。理性分析品牌商品的价格构成,是正确决策品牌商品介入价格战的前提。     

王观澜——关注“三农”第一人

今年是王观澜同志诞辰100周年.王观澜是中国共产党最早从事农民运动和土地革命的领导人之一.他长期奋战在农村第一线,深入实际,调查研究,参与党和政府许多重大的土地和农村政策的制定,尤其对我党早期土地和农村政策的制定做出过巨大贡献.毛泽东曾评价说:王观澜是我们党内最懂得农民与土地问题的人之一.     

Explaining Ethnic Autonomy Regimes in Latin America

Through a systematic examination of nine cases, the author identifies factors that enabled indigenous movements in five Latin American countries to secure formal recognition of politico-territorial autonomy regimes. All nine cases occurred within the framework of a larger regime bargain—either (1) peace talks intended to end armed struggle when the regime faced a serious challenge to maintain political order or territorial control, or (2) a severe crisis of legitimacy and governability that forced political elites to renegotiate fundamental regime structures via the process of constitutional reform. In the five successful cases, changes in the political opportunity structure occurred that favored indigenous autonomy claimants. These changes were the opening of access to decision-making spheres and the emergence of an influential ally. Donna Lee Van Cott is assistant professor of political science at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. She is author ofThe Friendly Liquidation of the Past: The Politics of Diversity in Latin America and editor ofIndigenous Peoples and Democracy in Latin America.     

Internet与中国监狱网站

Intemet是一个开放的全球范围内的通信网络。目前中国监狱网站发展水平还不高,急需政府的参与和投入,建立有影响的、权威的、官方的中国监狱网站。