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151.
Abstract: The number of people who cannot be identified at the time of death, sometimes referred to as John or Jane Does, is unknown, and little is known about them as a group. The study's objectives were to estimate the number of annual unidentified deaths, to identify demographic characteristics associated with dying unidentified, to determine whether the rates of such deaths vary geographically or over time, and to better characterize the causes of death. This was a population-based surveillance study of data collected from death certificates from 1979 to 2004 in the U.S. Subjects were selected by the absence of name, date of birth, and Social Security Number on their certificates. Main outcome measures were distributions by age, sex, and underlying cause of death and rates by sex, race, year, and state of death. An average of 413 unidentified persons died each year. The peak year was 1987 with 691 deaths, a rate of 28.5 per 10 million people. The rate declined to 9.7 per 10 million in 2004. Most unidentified decedents were male (80.6%). Unidentified death rates were highest among black people and in the Southwest. Among deaths for which the cause was known, 82.7% were due to injuries. Among injury deaths, 31.8% were homicides. Improvement in identification technology may have reduced rates of unidentified death since the 1980s. In addition, variations in rates of unidentified decedents may reflect changes in risk factors such as homelessness and substance abuse. 相似文献
152.
Elizabeth Weeks Leonard 《The Journal of law, medicine & ethics》2009,37(2):269-279
On May 2, 2006, a divided panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia, in a startling opinion, Abigail Alliance for Better Access to Developmental Drugs v. Eschenbach, held that terminally ill patients who have exhausted all other available options have a constitutional right to experimental treatment that FDA has not yet approved. Although ultimately overturned by the full court, Abigail Alliance generated considerable interest from various constituencies. Meanwhile, FDA proposed similar regulatory amendments, as have lawmakers on both sides of the aisle in Congress. But proponents of expanded access fail to consider public health and consumer safety concerns. In particular, allowing patients to try unproven treatments, outside of controlled clinical trials risks both the study's outcome and the health of patients who might benefit from the deliberate, careful process of new drug approval as it currently operates under FDA's auspices. 相似文献
153.
Theim KR Sinton MM Stein RI Saelens BE Thekkedam SC Welch RR Epstein LH Wilfley DE 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2012,41(1):86-97
Developmentally relevant high-risk dietary situations (e.g., parties where tempting foods are available) may influence overweight
youth’s weight control, as they increase risk for overeating. Better self-efficacy for coping with these situations—which
preadolescents may learn from their parents—could foster successful weight control. Overweight preadolescents (N = 204) ages 7–12 years (67% female), each with one parent, separately completed the Hypothetical High-Risk Situation Inventory
(HHRSI) pre- and post-weight loss treatment. The HHRSI assesses temptation to overeat and confidence in refraining from overeating
in response to four high-risk dietary scenarios. Participants generated coping strategies for each scenario. Coping strategies
and confidence increased and temptation decreased from pre- to post-weight loss treatment. Parents’ increase in confidence
from pre- to post-treatment was associated with preadolescents’ and parents’ weight loss. Tailoring treatments to enhance
parents’ coping skills (e.g., building strategies, targeting high temptation/low confidence scenarios) may maximize preadolescents’
weight control. 相似文献
154.
Sinton MM Goldschmidt AB Aspen V Theim KR Stein RI Saelens BE Epstein LH Wilfley DE 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2012,41(1):67-75
Shape and weight concerns among overweight pre-adolescents heighten risk for eating disorders and weight gain. Treatment and
prevention efforts require consideration of psychosocial factors that co-occur with these concerns. This study involved 200
overweight pre-adolescents, aged 7–12 years (M age = 9.8; SD = 1.4), presenting for family-based weight control treatment. Hierarchical regression was used to examine the
influence of pre-adolescents’ individual characteristics and social experiences, and their parents’ psychological symptoms,
on shape and weight concerns as assessed by the Child Eating Disorder Examination. Findings revealed that higher levels of
dietary restraint, greater feelings of loneliness, elevated experiences with weight-related teasing, and higher levels of
parents’ eating disorder symptoms predicted higher shape and weight concerns among overweight pre-adolescents. Interventions
addressing overweight pre-adolescents’ disordered eating behaviors and social functioning, as well as their parents’ disordered
eating behaviors and attitudes, may be indicated for those endorsing shape and weight concerns. 相似文献
155.
156.
Leonard Weinberg Ami Pedahzur Daphna Canetti-Nisim 《Terrorism and Political Violence》2013,25(3):139-153
Using data collected by the National Security Studies Center at the University of Haifa, the authors provide social profiles of Palestinian suicide bombers and their largely Israeli victims. In addition, drawing on a series of public opinion polls, the writers describe the reactions of Israeli citizens to the wave of suicide bombings the country has experienced since the beginning of the Al Aqsa intifada in the second half of 2000. 相似文献
157.
Where do modern terrorist group come from? How do they begin? This article establishes that most often they emerge from political parties. An effort is made to identify the relevant types of parties and the internal party dynamics which may have led to terrorist activity. Also, it is asserted that party‐terrorist group links are most likely to occur in nations whose political systems are going through episodes of regime transformation. 相似文献
158.
Leonard Shyles 《政治交往》2013,30(1):15-31
Continued growth in the use of televised political spot advertisements in presidential campaigns justifies the increasing attention given to analyzing the role and content of such messages in the larger political system. The 1984 campaign offered a unique opportunity for theorists to investigate the potential for such messages either to reflect accurate images of candidates, or to evoke more dissonant themes between the images of candidates fabricated for the electorate, and the substantive candidates those images are intended to represent. This study analyzed the character attributes presented for ten presidential hopefuls in 201 televised spots, produced for 1984's primary and general election campaigns, and finds that while political spots can offer accurate portrayals of presidential candidates, the role of such messages can be nullified by perceived dissonance in the images they convey about their subjects. 相似文献
159.
160.