Continuity and Change in Executive Leadership: Insights from the Perspectives of State Administrators

Executive leadership in state government is examined at two levels, both from the perspectives of the heads of state administrative agencies responding to mail question surveys in 1994, 1998, and 2004. At one level, the status and strength of the governor in controlling and leading the executive branch are assessed. At the second (agency) level, state executives (and their agencies) are assessed on four criteria that are connected, directly or indirectly, with the aims of the Winter Commission: leadership, responsiveness, reforms (at the agency level), and performance (through contracting). State administration generally reflects a balance between continuity and change, with more of the former at the gubernatorial (and legislative) level, and more of the latter at the state agency level.     

Gemeinsames Wohnen von Ehegatten – Beweisfragen

Gem § 90 ABGB sind die Ehegatten (ua) auch zum gemeinsamen Wohnen verpflichtet. Von diesem (typischen) Bild einer aufrechten Ehe darf die Beh?rde (auch im Verwaltungsverfahren nach dem AlVG) grunds?tzlich in freier Beweiswürdigung ausgehen, solange nicht die Parteien eine davon abweichende Lebensführung behaupten und die erforderlichen Beweismittel beibringen.     

Does incarceration-based drug treatment reduce recidivism? A meta-analytic synthesis of the research

This research synthesized results from 66 published and unpublished evaluations of incarceration-based drug treatment programs using meta-analysis. Incarceration-based drug treatment programs fell into five types: therapeutic communities (TCs), residential substance abuse treatment (RSAT), group counseling, boot camps specifically for drug offenders, and narcotic maintenance programs. We examined the effectiveness of each of these types of interventions in reducing post-release offending and drug use, and we also examined whether differences in research findings can be explained by variations in methodology, sample, or program features. Our results consistently found support for the effectiveness of TC programs on both outcome measures, and this finding was robust to variations in method, sample, and program features. We also found support for the effectiveness of RSAT and group counseling programs in reducing re-offending, but these programs’ effects on drug use were ambiguous. A limited number of evaluations assessed narcotic maintenance or boot camp programs; however, the existing evaluations found mixed support for maintenance programs and no support for boot camps.     

Rechtsbezeugende Beurkundung eines mündlich abgeschlossenen (Bestand-)Vertrages in einem späteren Schriftstück

Ein zuvor mündlich abgeschlossener Bestandvertrag kann durch narrative Erw?hnung in der Pr?ambel eines schriftlichen Anbots (zur Vertrags?nderung) rechtsbezeugend beurkundet werden; Gebührenpflicht hiefür tritt ein, wenn das schriftliche Anbot dem Anbotempf?nger ausgeh?ndigt wird.     

Die Eigentümergemeinschaft nach WEG ist nicht Schuldner der Klagenfurter Kanalgebühr

Nach der Klagenfurter Kanalgebührenverordnung sind es – auch bei Wohnungseigentum – die Miteigentümer, die die Kanalgebühr (zur ungeteilten Hand) schulden.     

Effects of Administrators' Aspirations,Political Principals' Priorities,and Interest Groups' Influence on State Agency Budget Requests

This article addresses a long‐standing question in public budgeting: What factors influence bureau/agency budget request decisions? Empirical results confirm the complexity of variables that explain different levels of budget requests by over 1,000 state administrative agencies. The expected significant influence of administrator (agency head) aspirations was clearly present. But other important sources enter into the decision of agencies to satisfy rather than maximize. These include the strategic roles, activities, and priorities of governors, legislatures, and interest groups. These political principals' influence operates to constrain, discipline, or even augment agency budget requests.