Equity and purpose in financing universities: the case of Nova Scotia

Abstract: Nova Scotia has struggled with the funding of its universities ever since it introduced provincial grants in 1963. This is because some of its rather large number of universities and colleges are in very different situations as compared with others. How is an equitable distribution to be achieved under such circumstances? The longstanding solution has been to combine fixed grants based on a historically determined base allocation, with a variable component based on enrolment. But this grew increasingly problematic as the original institutional patterns evolved and, especially, when the province adopted a formula of fixed shares combined with actual reductions in funding. A new formula was required and this article tells the story of its development by the Nova Scotia Council on Higher Education. This article explores both the issues that had to be addressed and resolved and the institutional dynamics and personalities that shaped their resolution. In the end, it became apparent that an equitable redistribution of grants to Nova Scotia's universities could be achieved through this process only if additional resources were forthcoming. Sommaire: La Nouvelle‐Écosse se débat avec le problème du financement de ses uni‐versités depuis l'adoption des subventions provinciales en 1963, éant donné la situation très particuliére de plusieurs de ses nombreux colléges et universités. Comment réaliser une répartition équitable dans de telles circonstances? Pendant longtemps, la solution fut de combiner des subventions fixes s'appuyant sur une allocation de base établie de longue date, avec une composante variable fondée sur le nombre d'inscrip‐tions. Mais, cette méthode est devenue de plus en plus problématique face à l'évolu‐tion des modèles institutionnels et, en particulier, lorsque la province a adopté une formule de parts fixes combinée à des coupures de financement. II a fallu alors trou‐ver une nouvelle formule, et cet article présente l'historique de son élaboration par le Conseil de l'enseignement supkérieur de la Nouvelle‐Écosse. II explore à la fois les questions qu'il fallait régler et la dynamique institutionnelle ainsi que les personna‐lités qui ont influé sur leur résolution. En dernière analyse, il devint évident qu'une redistribution équitable des subventions aux universités de la Nouvelle‐Écosse ne pouvait se réaliser par l'entremise de ce processus qu'avec l'allocation de ressources supplémentaires.     

Finding the Right Words

正No phone battery,two kuai,and lost in Chaoyang amidst a sea of words and sounds that slipped one after another through my fingers.How was I going to get home?I graduated with a neuroscience degree in the South Island of New Zealand in 2012,and have been working toward my medical degree ever since.After fi ve years of science,     

Estimates of a Model of Male Participation in the Market for Female Heterosexual Prostitution Services

In this paper a simple model is presented that considers the factors influencing male decisions concerning whether or not to consume, at the margin, female prostitution services. Data from an extensively piloted and sophisticated national survey of sexual attitudes and lifestyles were used to test the predictions. Health risks of consumption, religious denomination and factors signalling variations in inherent risk disposition are shown to explain consumption of such services.     

Modelling peruvian debt rescheduling in the 1980s

International debt rescheduling has continued to be a crucial issue in the international political economy. This article develops a political-economic model to examine debt rescheduling between private banks and debtors. The model provides a means of developing bargaining games by allowing the analyst to deduce game payoffs based on actors' “individual situations” as defined by their overall capabilities, their debt-specific resources, and their coalitional stability. Based on these games, it predicts the likely bargaining outcomes in terms of the degree to which banks will make lending concessions and the degree to which debtors will agree to adjust their economies. The model is operationalized based on written sources and interviews and then applied to four periods of rescheduling between the banks and Peru from 1982 to 1990. It proves successful in predicting bargaining outcomes in these cases, and we argue that it should prove helpful in investigating other debt bargaining episodes. Vinod K. Aggarwal is associate professor of political science and affiliated professor in the Haas School of Business at the University of California at Berkeley. He is the author ofLiberal Protectionism: The International Politics of Organized Textile Trade (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press),International Debt Threat (Berkeley: Institute for International Studies), and articles on the politics of trade and finance. His forthcoming book is entitledDebt Games: Strategic Interaction in International Debt Rescheduling Maxwell A. Cameron is assistant professor at the Norman Paterson School of International Affairs, Carleton University. He is the author ofDemocracy and Authoritarianism in Peru: Political Coalitions and Social Change (New York: St. Martin's Press, forthcoming), as well as a number of articles on Peruvian politics. He recently coeditedThe Political Economy of North American Free Trade (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993) with Ricardo Grinspun.