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111.
Marie Torstensson 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》1990,6(1):101-115
In the light of the rather low, empirical interest in the etiology of female crime and delinquency, this study presents and discusses some findings on aspects of control theory. The data are taken from Project Metropolitan, a longitudinal study of a Stockholm birth cohort comprising 15,117 cases (males and females) studied during a 30-year period. Of the females 791 cases or 11% acquired records of delinquency, drug use, or crime up to age 26. The delinquents were divided according to assumed seriousness and compared to the nondelinquents on two dimensions of the social bond called Attachment to school and Commitment to education. The results show, first, that delinquency varies with the strength of the social bond and, second, that the ability to predict future delinquency with knowledge of these aspects of the bond is limited, as the variance proportions accounted for are low. However, when comparing the explained variances to some well-known studies, we find that the differences are not so extensive.This paper is published in its complete form by the Project Metropolitan Research Report series, Department of Sociology, University of Stockholm, 1989. The summary tables presented here are found in original form in the original version. 相似文献
112.
Marie L. Campbell 《Canadian public administration. Administration publique du Canada》1992,35(4):501-518
Abstract: This article explores textually-mediated administrative technology such as that being implemented by Ontario's Ministry of Community and Social Services to organize more effective control over the delivery of contracted services to children and families under child welfare legislation. A case study of the development and testing of a related technology, case-weighting, initiated by the Metro Toronto Children's Aid Society, offers the opportunity for an in-depth analysis of “conceptual practices” for exercising organizational power. It is argued that the use of conceptual practices, made practicable by improvements in computer facilities, represents a major development in managerial method which restructures organizational meanings, outcomes, and relations among participants in human service organizations. Feminist scholarship contributes both a critical stance on the approach being taken to child protection services and appropriate methodology for the analysis. Sommaire: Le présent article explore les technologies administratives fondées sur des textes, comme celles mises en oeuvre actuellement par le ministère des Services communautaires et sociaux de l'Ontario, afin de resserrer les contrôles sur la prestation de services contractuels aux enfants et aux familles, en vertu des lois sur l'assistance à l'enfance. Une étude de cas concernant la mise au point et la validation d'une technique connexe, la pondération des cas, lancée par la Société d'aide à l'enfance du Grand Toronto, permet de faire une analyse approfondie des “pratiques conceptuelles” qui permettent d'exercer le pouvoir organisationnel. L'article soutienl que l'utilisation des pratiques conceptuelles, rendue possible par le progrès de l'informatique, a grandement changé les méthodes de gestion, qui restructurent les significations, résultats et rapports organisationnels entre les participants au sein des organismes de services. Des études féministes apportent à la fois une perspective critique en ce qui concerne l'approche adoptée envers les services de protection à l'enfance et une méthodologie appropriée à leur analyse. 相似文献
113.
This paper uses latent structure analysis to develop a construct of delinquency based on a set of frequently used indicators of illegal behavior. Other methods, such as Guttman scaling and factor analytic procedures, are briefly reviewed as similar attempts to identify manifest (observed) variables that may act as indicators of a latent (unobserved or unobservable) variable, delinquency. The basic mathematical properties of the latent structure model employed in this paper are presented and then applied to a set of six self-report measures. The issue of external validity is also examined in a comparative analysis of an additive scale of delinquency and the latent class measure of delinquency. The latent class measure provides a considerable increase in the magnitude of association with such commonly studied correlates as attachment, peer delinquency, and instrumental attitudes toward the law. 相似文献
114.
Beginning with the 1972 Stockholm Declaration, there have been a number of international proclamations of a human right to a clean environment, both implicit and explicit. The highpoint of this movement towards an internationally recognized substantive right to a clean environment came with the 1992 Rio Declaration. This movement has continued forward in regional and specialized regimes – for example with respect to water and indigenous rights. There has also been a parallel move towards recognition of what can be considered procedural rights, which require public access to information, participation in decision making, and access to justice in environmental matters. This article argues that further development and use of these procedural rights will not only provide opportunities to protect environmental rights, but can also further the development of a substantive right to a clean environment. 相似文献
115.
The impact of distributive and procedural justice on correctional staff job stress, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Correctional staff are the heart and soul of any correctional facility. While there was a significant body of research on the impact of the work environment on correctional staff, this study sought to expand that knowledge by examining the effects of distributive and procedural justice on correctional staff job stress, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Multivariate models were estimated. Both forms of organizational justice had negative effects on job stress and organizational commitment; however, only procedural justice, but not distributive justice, had a significant impact on job satisfaction. 相似文献
116.
117.
Marie Broxup 《Central Asian Survey》1988,7(2-3):197-204
118.
Death from Hypothermia during a Training Course under “Extreme Conditions”: Related to Two Cases 下载免费PDF全文
Pierre Perich M.D. Lucile Tuchtan M.D. Christophe Bartoli M.D. Ph.D. Georges Léonetti M.D. Ph.D. Marie‐Dominique Piercecchi‐Marti M.D. Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2016,61(2):562-565
Death from hypothermia following exhaustion or from various complicated pathologies is no longer a frequent cause of death among combat troops. During a training course under “extreme conditions” in the French Alps, two young African officers died. Confronted with these two clinically confirmed cases of hypothermia, the unknown anatomopathological and biological specificities associated with death from hypothermia were highlighted. In these typical and clinically confirmed cases of death from subacute exhaustion hypothermia, none of the signs revealed by the autopsy were specific. Although some recent publications have addressed the utility of postmortem biochemical markers when establishing a diagnosis, with no anamnesis, with no knowledge or analysis of the circumstances of death, and without an in situ examination of the body, it appears difficult, if not impossible, to confirm that death was caused by hypothermia. 相似文献
119.
Sexual violence remains a pervasive and persistent social problem. In 1996, Congress enacted Megan’s Law, dictating mandatory community notification and potential civil commitment for those deemed by the State to be dangerous sexual offenders. In 2013, Megan’s Law continues to influence the treatment of sexual offenders under law and the social construction of a highly publicized, yet statistically rare, sexual crime – the rape and murder of a young female child by a depraved male stranger. This influence highlights the extent to which this personalized crime bill shapes the social construction of sexual violence in terms of sex and gender systems. This paper examines how sex and gender shape media discourses of the sexual offender and victim that are mobilized in the legislative debate on Megan’s Law. Drawing on theoretical ideas from cultural studies and feminist legal scholarship, we employ discourse analysis to analyze the legislative debate on Megan’s Law. We find that high-profile media images of sex offenders and victims are relied on to construct a singular image of sexual violence, whereby a child is victimized by an adult sexual predator. These images draw on traditional, conservative notions of gender and sexuality. 相似文献
120.
Marie Christine Dussault Ph.D. Martin Smith Ph.D. David Osselton Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2014,59(3):606-612
Recent decades have seen an accelerating trend in warfare whereby a growing proportion of conflict‐related deaths have been caused by explosions. Analysis of blast injury features little in anthropological literature. We present a review of clinical literature that includes prevalence of injury to anatomical regions and potential indicators of blast injury which can be used by forensic anthropologists. This includes high prevalence of extremity (22.8–91.2%) and facial (19.6–40%) injury in combat contexts, lower limb fractures (19–74.3%) in suicide bombing, traumatic amputation (3–43%) and diffuse fracture patterns in terrorist bombings. Potential indicators of blast trauma include blowout fractures in sinus cavities from blast overpressure, transverse mandibular fractures, and visceral surface rib fractures. Ability to recognize blast trauma and distinguish it in the skeleton is of importance in investigations and judicial proceedings relating to war crimes, terrorism, and human rights violations and likely to become increasingly crucial to forensic anthropology knowledge. 相似文献