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951.
Alvin Y. So Louis A. Picard W. Marvin Will Winston H. Griffith Robert Bianchi Richard Sisson Manochehr Dorraj Roger Mark Selya Vijayan K. Pillai Walter Opello David Felix Kathleen M. Langley Assefa Mehretu Garth T. Katner Roger E. Kanet Smart A. Ekpo Arthur Jay Klinghoffer Jorge I. Domínguez Gregory T. Papanikos 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》1991,26(1):72-111
952.
Instances of excessive force by police officers, most notably the Rodney King incident in Los Angeles and the Malice Green
fatality in Detroit, suggest that the race of the suspect may influence the decision to use excessive force. If police practices
are simply a reflection of the expectations of larger society, then it follows that citizens' evaluations of police brutality
toward minorities might reflect this sentiment. As part of a larger study focusing on the exploration of police misconduct,
a telephone survey containing 16 vignettes was developed, each vignette described a separate type of misconduct in which a
hypothetical officer was involved. Of these 16 vignettes, 3 described the misconduct of excessive force and are analyzed for
the present study. A random sample of 992 Ohio citizens were surveyed. The hypothesis that citizens in general assign significantly
lower seriousness scores to excessive force on African Americans and Hispanics than on whites was tested. Our hypothesis was
not supported. Instead, we found evidence to suggest that the behavior of the suspect during the arrest and the behavior of
the police officer are much more significant correlates of citizens' perceptions of police use of excessive force than is
the race of the suspect. 相似文献
953.
954.
Kim Faulkner Cal D. Stoltenberg Rosemary Cogen Mark Nolder Eugene Shooter 《Journal of family violence》1992,7(1):37-55
Two studies evaluating cognitive-behavioral treatment programs for male spouse abusers are reported.3 Both programs resulted in significant reductions in both indirect and direct threats of violence and direct and severe violence towards spouses. Study 1 identified reduced levels of guilt proneness and increased levels of group conformity as a result of the intervention program. In addition, changes in attitudes toward love were noted from pre- to post-test indicating greater physical attraction, intensity of emotion, and commitment to the lover. Changes were maintained at a six month follow-up. Study 2 evaluated a modified cognitive-behavioral treatment formal that focused more on communication, problem-solving, and sexual attitudes and practices. All levels of violence were significantly reduced and changes in endorsement of sexual attitudes were noted. In addition, males showed lower levels of passive-aggressiveness and increasing levels of narcissism as a function of treatment. Implications for program development and research are discussed. 相似文献
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957.
A boy hesitantly appears in the doorway to a meeting room. A large man wearing a name tag greets him thoughtfully and points out where he should sit in the horseshoe of chairs in the room. The boy crosses the room, picks his name tag up off the chair, puts it on crookedly, and sits down. On his face apprehension alternates with bravado. As his mother and sister, done with hanging their coats, enter the room the boy begins to fidget quietly. The large man greets them and points out their places in the horseshoe of chairs; they find their name tags on their chairs and sit down on either side of the boy. Other people that the boy and his family are close to appear in the doorway, are greeted, and move to their seats farther down the arch of the horseshoe: his grandfather and cousin, his basketball coach, his school social worker, an elderly neighbor, and a member of his mother's church. Their faces, and those of his mother and sister, betray various emotions; grim calm, hopefulness, solemnity, foreboding, sadness, and quiet interest. When they are seated, the chairs on one side of the horseshoe arch are full. The investigating officer enters, and sits at the apex of the arch. When they are all seated, the large man leaves the room and comes back with a group of people who have been waiting in a nearby room. The boy's victim enters the room first; she is a small, white-haired woman who shakes a little as she crosses the room and sits in a chair directly across the horseshoe from the boy. The boy glances quickly at her and then looks down and away to avoid her eyes. On her face, anxiety is swiftly replaced by surprise, relief, and then anger as she openly studies the boy across from her. Her daughter, a middleaged woman, sits down on one side of her, and her teenaged grandson takes his place on the other side of the victim. The older woman's minister, two elderly women neighbors, and a middle-aged male friend find their name tags on chairs further down the horseshoe's arch. When they sit down they fill the last vacancies in the horseshoe of chairs. The large man who greeted them all takes his place on a chair at the open end of the horseshoe. He is the conference coordinator and the only one with whom every person present has spoken about this meeting. He smiles quietly, looks around the circle of faces, clears his throat, and begins the family group conference. 相似文献
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Economists have long believed that private provision of public goods will be inefficient, though recently some have argued that altruism may mitigate the inefficiencies. Without altruism, agents contribute to the point where marginal cost equals their private marginal benefits. With altruism, they contribute more and hence are closer to the point where marginal cost and total marginal benefits are equated. In an earlier paper (Bagnoli and Lipman, 1989), we showed that private provision need not be inefficient. In a very natural model of private provision without altruism, we showed that the set of (undominated perfect) equilibrium outcomes is identical to the core. Here we consider the effect of altruism on private provision. Altruism essentially creates more public goods because the well-being of others becomes a public good. We show that our model of private provision still has efficient equilibria under a wide variety of circumstances. Interestingly, the equilibria may be inefficient when agents are concerned about the effect of private provision on the distribution of wealth. Intuitively, the game we consider is a very powerful instrument for efficient private provision, but must be supported by other instruments if the set of public goods is expanded too far.We wish to thank Jim Andreoni, Ted Bergstrom, and an anonymous referee for helpful comments and to acknowledge financial support from the National Science Foundation through NSF Grant SES-8520296. Of course, any remaining errors are our responsibility. 相似文献