Graffiti vandalism: Frequency and context differences between the sexes

This paper explores a popular yet highly destructive form of property crime — graffiti vandalism. The localities of such destruction selected for study were male and female restrooms. Three hundred and ninety-two cases were collected and analyzed. Prior research theorized the existence of a significant difference in the amount of graffiti produced between the sexes. (It was believed that males produce more graffiti than females). Analysis, however, revealed equal production of graffiti by males and females.Content differences between the sexes were hypothesized. The content categories included homosexual, heterosexual, nonsexual (humorous and political statements) and racial graffiti. The findings as they relate to content differences between the sexes are presented and discussed relative to sex-role socialization theory.     

feminist publishing in a cold climate?: <Emphasis Type="Italic">Australian Feminist Studies</Emphasis> and the new ERA of research

This article explores the implications for feminist research and publishing in Australia in the new ‘ERA’ of research excellence. Excellence in Research for Australia (ERA) is an initiative of the Australian Federal government to assess research quality within Australia's higher education institutions using a combination of indicators and expert review by committees comprising experienced, internationally recognised experts (Australian Research Council, 2008).     

收回死刑复核权面临的难题及其破解

It is of great significance for the Supreme Court of China (SCC) to take back the power of having judicial review for death sentences. For that purpose, first, we have to amend the procedures for judicial review for death sentences, including precisely defining the responsibility of the SCC to review death sentences, determining appropriate modes of review, prescribing the time limit of review, allowing the participation of defense lawyers and prosecutors, etc. Second, we must also amend the appellate procedures for capital cases, including holding hearings, comprehensive trial of key cases, and adjusting the time limit for the second instance. Third, we must improve relative systems that can directly affect the trial quality of capital cases, including the improvement of evidentiary rules, the reform of judicial committees, and the forbiddance to change an original sentence into a death sentence. Long Zongzhi, professor, chairs the academic commission at Southwestern University of Politics and Law. Meanwhile, he takes the vice chair of the supervising committee of legal education in the Ministry of Education of China. He advanced the theory of dual structure of criminal litigation in early 1990s and put forward the theory of relative reasonableness in late 1990s, which exerted great influence in academic law. Moreover, he has published a great number of works on criminal litigation, judicial system, and evidence law.     

Judging Bias: Juror Confidence and Judicial Rulings on Challenges for Cause

The judge in a jury trial is charged with excusing prospective jurors who will not be impartial. To assess impartiality, prospective jurors are typically asked whether they can be fair. Using an experimental paradigm, we found that small changes in jurors' self‐reported confidence in their ability to be fair affected judges' decisions about bias but did not affect the judgments of either attorneys or jurors. We suggest why a judge's role and unique relationship with jurors is likely to foster a decision strategy based on reported juror confidence, and we discuss the implications of our analysis for current legal debates over jury selection practices. Unexpected patterns in our results also highlight the ways in which perceptions of impartiality are affected, in part, by the social characteristics of the observer.     

公务员年度考核的方法探析

公务员年度考核是国家公务员管理的重要内容。目前公务员年度考核中存在的主要问题主要表现在：考核方法过于简单;考核方法缺乏必要的量化分析;考评结果缺乏可比性;考核多流于形式。为此,必须促进公务员年度考核方法的科学性,提高考核结果的信度和效度。     

腐败行为及其治理选择——基于前景理论的研究

提出一个应用前景理论研究腐败行为的分析架构,考察腐败行为的特征、治理手段及其效率。研究发现,对于存在非理性偏差的腐败行为,加大惩罚力度的效果取决于行为人所受处罚的相对风险规避度量,一定条件下存在"惩罚陷阱":加大惩处力度反而使行为人加大腐败投入,选择高风险的腐败行为,此时行为人存在极端的赌徒心态。一个弹性的惩罚制度等同于一个对腐败的边际惩罚递减的惩罚制度,会增加行为人的腐败价值预期,增强行为人逃避严惩的侥幸心理,加剧腐败行为蔓延。并且,弹性越大,行为人绝对风险规避度越小,腐败行为的收入预期越高,腐败蔓延的速度越快。高薪的激励效果则依赖于监督惩罚环境、薪酬支付体系与行为人的价值取向。对处于经济转型的发展中国家而言,经济发展不平衡,利益矛盾冲突加剧,强烈冲击人们的价值取向与行为规范,行为人不患寡而患不均,提高官员薪酬的激励手段难以取得好的反腐效果。优化监督执法环境与公务员的选才机制是治理腐败的有效手段。     

国际金融危机与新巴塞尔协议修改：动向与行动

当下在对金融危机的反思中，国际社会对金融监管制度进行了广泛而深入的审视，其中对新巴塞尔协议的审视尤为突出。目前，国际社会对于通过修改新巴塞尔协议来防范金融风险和危机主要有以下动向和行动：通过修改新巴塞尔协议的资本框架降低助周期性，改革和提高交易项目的资本要求，加强对证券化的风险监管，提高规制资本的质量和数量，改革国际规制的组织框架等。这些改革对包括我国在内的各国金融业具有重要影响．我国应进行深入的跟踪研究并审时度势地确定自己的策略。     

贵州民族风情旅游中的文化困惑

本文通过对贵州省一些有代表性的少数民族风情旅游景点存在的现代化与民族文化传统之间的矛盾的分析 ,认为应加大力度把贵州民族风情中的经济价值挖掘出来 ,使之向现代化迈进