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51.
Tiffany L. Brown Miriam R. Linver Melanie Evans Donna DeGennaro 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(2):214-227
This study examined the relationship of racial and ethnic socialization and academic achievement in a sample of 218 African
American adolescents (grades 9–12; 52% girls) attending a public high school in the northeastern United States. Researchers
were particularly interested in whether adolescent gender moderated the relationship between racial and ethnic socialization
and academic grades. Results indicated that aspects of ethnic socialization, African American cultural values and African
American heritage were linked to adolescent grades. Additionally, adolescent gender was found to moderate the association
between these socialization variables and grades. The findings also suggest that socialization provided by paternal caregivers
around African American cultural values and African American heritage may have differential effects for academic grades than
the socialization messages provided by maternal caregivers. Information generated from this study broadens the understanding
of socialization factors that can facilitate positive academic outcomes in African American youth and has practical implications
for parents and educators.
相似文献
Tiffany L. BrownEmail: |
52.
The purpose of this study was to examine how partner psychological maltreatment is associated with depression, daily interpersonal
experiences, and affect. Participants were 67 late adolescents (17- to 22-years-old). Each participant completed a survey
followed by reporting affect, and interpersonal hassles and uplifts for seven consecutive days. Compared to those low in maltreatment,
participants in the high maltreatment group reported more hassles with partners and friends, less uplifts with family, and
more depressive symptoms. Multilevel modeling showed that adolescents in the high as compared to the low maltreatment group
were more interpersonally sensitive (defined as greater affective reactions to day-to-day interpersonal hassles). Results
reveal that psychological maltreatment by partners is an especially potent experience that occurs along with greater romantic
hassles and more interpersonal sensitivity. The effects of maltreatment were also found to spill over into relationships with
friends and families by either being associated with more hassles and greater reaction to hassles or fewer uplifts and less
reaction to uplifts.
相似文献
Melanie J. Zimmer-GembeckEmail: |
53.
Youth often hold group norms that perpetuate inequality. One way these norms can be changed is by challenging these norms by choosing to include new members into these groups who hold morally just norms. In the current study, children’s and adolescents’ inclusion decisions and social reasoning about challenging group norms through inclusion were investigated. The sample included 9–10 (children) and 13–14 year-olds (adolescents) (N?=?673, 54.4% female). Participants supported including challengers into groups holding norms supporting relational aggression and unequal allocation of resources, but they were less likely to support including a challenger into a physically aggressive group. Age-related differences and gender differences were found: children and female participants were more likely to include challengers than were adolescents and male participants. The findings indicate that youth support including new members who would challenge morally questionable group norms, but that their support depends on the specific norm the group holds. 相似文献
54.
Melanie Griffiths 《Citizenship Studies》2017,21(5):527-546
An association of strangers with danger and criminality is one of the most enduring social myths. However, in the UK, it was only after a media outcry 10 years ago over the release of foreign nationals from British prisons, that the ‘Foreign Criminal’ exploded into political and popular consciousness. Despite the small numbers of people involved, the location of this folk devil at the intersection of legal and moral assessments of ‘wickedness’ and alterity imbues it with considerable potency and has ensured that its reverberations are still felt strongly a decade later. Drawing on qualitative research with immigration detainees, deportees and irregular migrants, the article considers some of the many faces of the Foreign Criminal and illuminates their racialised, classed and gendered natures. It argues that a twin set of developments – coalescing around Operation Nexus and curtailed Article 8 right protections – work together to taint a growing number of non-citizens with criminality, whilst simultaneously undermining their claim to belong. Case studies are presented to demonstrate the fault lines of this malleable and expanding category, and to argue that the Foreign Criminal is paradigmatic of both social disorder and national boundaries, and is fundamentally shifting the lines of citizenship and belonging. 相似文献
55.
This article is built around a deeply personal `response to text' –of a poem in response to a poem, where both deal with notions
of identity. For myself, writing poetry is a cathartic (though infrequent) source of resolution; a space subject to different
constraints from those present in the production of analytic scholarship. A consideration of the broader ideological matrix
at work behind the poems suggests links between nationhood and language, class and religion, private and public identity,
history and politics. Vast subjects, explored but briefly in the thoughts and notes produced for this article as `background'
to the story of the poem cited at the end. For legal and political theory it is a reminder of the delicate interstices of
influences traversed in any assertion concerning broad policy. As `scholar' I am constrained in the provision of any further
assessment of my own process as `poet': what is provided attempts honesty.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
56.
National gender quotas—policies that require a certain percentage of women candidates or legislators—are becoming more effective over time. Using data on 145 countries from 1990 to 2010, we document this trend with latent growth‐curve models. Part of the explanation for increasing effectiveness is that countries have ratcheted up targets for women's inclusion and that quotas are increasingly written in ways that make them more effective at achieving stated goals. Activists, political elites, and policy makers have learned over time which quota policies are most effective, resulting in quotas with provisions that more often lead to success. But, changes in rules alone do not account for the increasing effectiveness of quotas over time. It appears that changing norms about women's incorporation in politics are also increasing quota effectiveness regardless of policy design. 相似文献
57.
Philip Schlesinger Melanie Selfe Ealasaid Munro 《Journal of Arts Management, Law & Society》2015,45(2):66-83
This article undertakes an auto-critical analysis of the research team's ethnographic study of Cultural Enterprise Office (CEO), a Scottish creative business support agency. We discuss the team's composition and how this relates to other analyses of ethnographic teamwork. Our research is situated in the wider policy context of the “creative-economic” turn in the UK's research funding. This has been accompanied by increased emphasis on “knowledge exchange” and “impact” in the drive for greater accountability in higher education. The team's evolution in the course of undertaking research is illustrated by reference to four “pivotal moments,” which illustrate how we “performed” knowledge exchange. 相似文献
58.
Judicial Impartiality and Independence in Divided Societies: An Empirical Analysis of the Constitutional Court of Bosnia‐Herzegovina 下载免费PDF全文
The role of constitutional courts in deeply divided societies is complicated by the danger that the salient societal cleavages may influence judicial decision‐making and, consequently, undermine judicial impartiality and independence. With reference to the decisions of the Constitutional Court of Bosnia‐Herzegovina, this article investigates the influence of ethno‐national affiliation on judicial behaviour and the extent to which variation in judicial tenure amplifies or dampens that influence. Based on a statistical analysis of an original dataset of the Court's decisions, we find that the judges do in fact divide predictably along ethno‐national lines, at least in certain types of cases, and that these divisions cannot be reduced to a residual loyalty to their appointing political parties. Contrary to some theoretical expectations, however, we find that long‐term tenure does little to dampen the influence of ethno‐national affiliation on judicial behaviour. Moreover, our findings suggest that this influence may actually increase as a judge acclimates to the dynamics of a divided court. We conclude by considering how alternative arrangements for the selection and tenure of judges might help to ameliorate this problem. 相似文献
59.
Melanie S. Archer B.Sc. Ph.D. M.B.B.S. James F. Wallman B.Sc. Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2016,61(5):1270-1277
Context effects are pervasive in forensic science, and are being recognized by a growing number of disciplines as a threat to objectivity. Cognitive processes can be affected by extraneous context information, and many proactive scientists are therefore introducing context‐minimizing systems into their laboratories. Forensic entomologists are also subject to context effects, both in the processes they undertake (e.g., evidence collection) and decisions they make (e.g., whether an invertebrate taxon is found in a certain geographic area). We stratify the risk of bias into low, medium, and high for the decisions and processes undertaken by forensic entomologists, and propose that knowledge of the time the deceased was last seen alive is the most potentially biasing piece of information for forensic entomologists. Sequential unmasking is identified as the best system for minimizing context information, illustrated with the results of a casework trial (n = 19) using this approach in Victoria, Australia. 相似文献
60.
This study focuses on the functionality of emotion regulation of police officers who have or have not experienced a work-related critical incident. Traumatic events experienced by police officers may have long-lasting and significant consequences, including health concerns, emotional difficulties, impairment in social functioning, and they may have an impact on work performance. The hypotheses outline the expected results to include higher scores for officers who had been involved in one or more critical incidents in emotional well-being concerns and more difficulties with emotion regulation as compared to officers who had not experienced a critical incident. The research design employs written instruments including the General Health Questionnaire-30 to measure general emotional well-being, the Impact of Events Scale to measure the impact of a past traumatic event, and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale to measure current problems with emotion regulation. Participants consist of 76 full-time police officers assigned to patrol in two police agencies. The findings, analyzed through analysis of variance, did not include significant differences between those groups as expected; however, there were unexpected findings. These findings were that although newer officers were less likely to have experienced one or more work-related critical incidents, they measured higher in measures of emotion regulation difficulties and concerns regarding emotional well-being than did the more tenured officers. The social implications of this study include increased officer and agency awareness and increased use of effective intervention. Implications for future study include the need to further explore emotional challenges that may be experienced by new police officers. 相似文献