Trademarks as Sources of Market Power: Legal and Historical Encounters

Although the history of trademarks is well catalogued in various review articles and books in different jurisdictions, one particular missing link is whether trademarks are sources of market power—from a historical perspectives. This article addresses exactly that question, and presents some of the legal encounters that support the historical narrative that trademarks are sources of market power, by examining selected trademark cases—centuries apart in England and the United States. The overall purpose of these discussions is aimed at situating the law and policy of trademarks in the antitrust regime when significant historical trademark cases are brought into the equation and whether a prediction can be made that trademarks are increasingly heading into a clash with the antitrust regime.     

Implementing the Foundations of Learning Project: Considerations for Preschool Intervention Research

While studies have documented the importance of strong implementation in intervention studies (e.g., see Durlak & Dupre, 2008 Durlak , J. A. , & Dupre , E. P. ( 2008 ). Implementation matters: A review of research on the influence of implementation on program outcomes and the factors affecting implementation . American Journal of Community Psychology , 41 , 327 – 350 .[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), more information is needed about how to ensure strong fidelity and quality of program implementation when delivering interventions under “real world conditions” and on a large scale. In this article, key lessons in implementing a demonstration and evaluation project known as the Foundations of Learning (FOL) demonstration are presented. Our discussion highlights several key components to the success of the project, including the building of effective coalitions before, and during, the delivery of the intervention to support the implementation process, as well as intensive, collaborative, and multilayered technical assistance provided as the intervention was delivered. Key lessons learned over the course of this project represent some that are highly consistent with prior research on this topic, as well as some that are unique, thus representing new areas for exploration in this burgeoning area of study.     

The future of political campaigning: the American example

The Internet will provide a way to force direct democracy to the fore, replacing many of the prerogatives now reserved for representative democracy. This is especially true in Europe where the continental integration of the economy has not been matched by integrated political democracy. Lobbying in the UK will become less relevant as the EU comes to predominate. Lobbying in the future will have to be directed downward — to mobilise the public — rather than upward, attempting to influence the Parliament. Copyright © 2003 Henry Stewart Publications.     

The Justice Development Commission: overcoming bureaucratic resistance to innovative policy-making

Abstract. The relationship between particular bureaucratic structures and the provision of innovative public programmes is clearly of some importance. In British Columbia a variety of changes in the administration of justice for the province have been promoted by a special organization in the Attorney General's Department, the Justice Development Commission. This paper examines the work of that Commission and analyses the programmatic and structural consequences of its creation. It concludes that the model of the relationship between the special organization and the ongoing bureaucracy suggested by Downs in Inside Bureaucracy provides the most likely explanation for the actions of the Justice Development Commission. Sommaire. Les rapports entre des structures bureaucratiques existantes et l'établissement des programmes nouveaux ont, de toute évidence, une certaine importance. En Colombie Britannique, la Justice Development Commission, rattaché au ministère du Procureur général a provoqué un ensemble de changements dans l'administration de la justice, à l'échelle de la province. L'auteur de cet exposéétudie les travaux de la Commission et analyse les conséquences de sa création, du point de vue des programmes et des structures. Il conclut que le scénario des rapports entre cette commission et la bureaucratic, proposé par Downs dans Inside Bureaucracy, constitue l'explication la plus vraisemblable des mesures adoptees par la Justice Development Commission.     

Evidence

The collection of evidence by the investigator or crime scene technician and its submission to the laboratory is a critical part of law enforcement. Insuring the integrity of that evidence is the responsibility of the same people. Rules governing standards and procedures for insuring the evidence integrity and chain of custody of requirements are the courts, investigative agency, and now non-governmentalorganizationslike ASCLD.This paper shows how laboratory accreditation is affecting the interaction of these groups.     

A New Method for the Characterization of the Degree of Fire Damage to Gypsum Wallboard for Use in Fire Investigations

A new method to characterize the degree of fire damage to gypsum wallboard is introduced, implemented, and tested to determine the efficacy of its application among novices. The method was evaluated by comparing degree of fire damage assessments of novices with and without the method. Thirty-nine “novice” raters assessed damage to a gypsum wallboard surface, completing 66 ratings, first without the method, and then again using the method. The inter-rater reliability was evaluated for ratings of damage without and with the method. For novice fire investigators rating degree of damage without the aid of the method, ICC(1,2) = 0.277 with 95% CI (0.211, 0.365), and with the method, ICC(2,1) = 0.593 with 95% CI (0.509, 0.684). Results indicate that the raters were more reliable in their analysis of the degree of fire damage when using the method, which support the use of standardized processes to decrease the variability in data collection and interpretation.