建国初期从严治党的探索与思考

一、坚持把加强党的建设贯穿于领导革命和建设事业的全部过程 历史证明，共产党的领导是中国人民克敌制胜的第一大法宝。加强和改善党的领导是办好中国事情的关键。开国之后，中国共产党坚持把加强党的建设牢牢抓住不放，并且贯穿于领导革命和建设的全部过程，未敢丝毫懈怠。 （一）在历史转折关头，体现了中国共产党抓好自身建设的敏锐性和超前意识。 中国共产党善于从历史的经验中学习。延安整风时期，毛泽东就将郭沫若论李自成的《甲申三百年祭》印发高级干部．告戒全党从李自成的失败中引以为戒。在党的七届二中全会的报告中，毛泽东代…     

论CEPA争端解决机制的构建

CEPA是中国内地与中国香港、澳门特别行政区之间的更紧密经贸安排协议。CEPA的顺利实施对中国两岸三地自由贸易区的建立具有重大意义。但是CEPA在争端解决方面的规定不完善,现成的机制难以解决CEPA争端,所以应当构建一套争端解决机制。一方面应选择合适的解决争端方式,如协商、司法、仲裁、WTO专家组等;另一方面可以借鉴其他争端解决机制的成功经验。NAFTA的成功经验和在实施过程中暴露的不足,值得CEPA借鉴与充实。     

如何运用主要发达国家植物新品种的保护制度

在对美国、欧盟、日本、澳大利亚、新西兰这些主要发达国家植物新品种保护制度现状的介绍，以及主要特点总结的基础上，分析这些国家植物新品种保护制度的未来发展趋势。     

关于“异地养老”的几点思考

近年来，异地养老模式在国内外得到迅速发展。本文分析了异地养老的含义、方式、效果和政策含义。认为，在我国，异地养老的实质是非出生地、非户籍所在地的养老方式，包括长期性迁居养老和季节性休闲养老。异地养老是新兴的养老方式，是居家养老的重要补充但不是替代。异地养老既满足了部分老年人的养生-休闲-观光-治病等的需求，也促进了老龄产业的深入发展，前景看好。最后，本文就构建异地养老“全国一盘棋”政策和制度环境、规避异地养老风险和制定合适的异地养老价格问题提出了思考。     

论我国户籍制度改革的原则及路径

我国现行户籍制度存在很多问题,改革势在必行,并且要遵守一定的原则。其具体路径也必须符合中国的国情。就业地落户政策是我国目前比较可行的户籍改革制度。但是,该制度的实行,必须有一系列的制度配套运行,还要有新的法律予以规范和确立。     

身体力行 “三个代表 切实履行维护职责

江总书记“七一”重要讲话在回顾我们党 80年的奋斗历程后指出 :“所有这些 ,都是为了不断实现好、维护好和发展好最广大人民的利益 ,始终保持党同人民群众的血肉联系。”工会是党联系职工群众的桥梁和纽带 ,是国家政权的重要社会支柱 ,是广大职工利益的代表者。维护职工群众的利益是工会与生俱来的根本职责。在改革发展的新形势下如何履行好维护职责 ,是工会干部面临的重要课题 ,也是能否身体力行“三个代表”的具体体现。本人认为履行维护职责应把握维护的内容 ,突出维护的重点 ,改进维护的方式 ,筑牢维护的阵地。一、把握维护的内容江总…     

Experimental designs in the optimisation of ultrasonic bath-acid-leaching procedures for the determination of trace elements in human hair samples by atomic absorption spectrometry

Experimental designs were used for the optimisation of acid-leaching procedures assisted by ultrasonic energy for the extraction of Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn and Zn from human hair samples. A Plackett-Burman 2(7) x 3/32 design for seven factors ([HNO3], [HCl], [H2O2], acid/oxidant solution volume, exposure time to ultrasounds, temperature of the ultrasonic bath and hair particle size) was used in order to choose the variables affecting the acid-leaching process. The variables [HNO3], [HCl] and temperature of the ultrasonic bath were found to be the most important parameters for the acid-leaching procedure, and these variables were optimised by a response surface design (central composite design 2(3) + star) which involved 16 experiments. Optimum values in the 3.7-4.2 M range were found for [HNO3], while optimum values between 3.0 and 3.5 M were found for [HCl]. The optimum temperature of the ultrasonic bath was between 80 and 90 degrees C. An acid digestion induced by microwave energy (details given) was used to obtain the total metal concentration and also for comparative purposes. Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg and Zn were measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) using a conventional air/acetylene flame, while Mn was determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) under optimised conditions. Two different reference materials, IAEA-085 International Atomic Energy Agency, Monaco) and NIES No. 13 (National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan), with certified metal contents for some of the elements investigated, were used in order to verify the accuracy of the methods.     

“刑事政策”应当是什么？——刑事政策概念解析

自刑事政策概念提出以来,关于刑事政策的定义五花八门、七说不一.或者分为狭义、广义说,或者试图在五花八门的刑事政策定义中提取"最大公约数",总之,是在抽离历史与文化因素、忽视价值取向的前提下对刑事政策一词做纯粹的语义分析和诠释.从根本上说,上述方法是有所偏误的,它没能切重刑事政策定义之争的本质和要害.本文认为,必须结合刑事政策概念提出、演化的历史与文化背景,以及关于刑事政策的价值取向去厘清刑事政策的本义.本文的核心观点是刑事政策的定义问题,与其说是一个理论问题、学术问题,不如说是一个实践问题、价值取向问题更为准确;刑事政策的定义之辩,本质上不是语词或表达技巧之辩,也不是一个已然的刑事政策究为何物之辩,而是我们应当坚持怎样的刑事政策观念之辩;狭义刑事政策与广义刑事政策之分,在理论和实践上是无价值的;应当坚持科学的刑事政策观,这种科学的刑事政策观,与古典派的强调刑罚运用技巧和策略的刑事政策观大相径庭.     

A qualitative study of compact bone microstructure and nuclear short tandem repeat obtained from femur of human remains found on the ground and exhumed 3 years after death

Forensic identification of human remains is composed of anthropological study of race, sex, age, etc. By using these traditional methods, inconclusive or nonidentified cases could be subjected to DNA analysis. However, in spite of advances in human identification techniques, especially by PCR-amplified DNA, some limitations that affect the ability of obtaining DNA from human remains still persist. Light microscope sections of postmortem compact bones from human remains are presented here for the purpose of increasing a forensic examiner's prediction of successful nuclear DNA typing. Femoral compact bones were obtained from 7 human remains found on the ground, in different degrees of decomposition, and were cleaned by boiling to remove soft tissues, 8 collections of bones having undergone natural decomposition, not boiled (as no soft tissue was adhered), and 5 cadavers 12 to 16 hours postmortem. The histologic sections were stained by hematoxylin and eosin, the loci CSF1PO, TPOX, TH01, F13A01, FESFPS, vWA, D16S539, D7S820, D13S317, and amelogenin were amplified by PCR, and the polyacrylamide gel was stained with silver. The results presented here clarify questions concerning the viability of DNA for identification analysis, and they also may help to establish better strategies for optimization of DNA extraction and analysis in compact bones of human remains.     

Potential definition of the time of death from autolytic myocardial cells: a morphometric study

Morphometric methods and transmission electron microscopy were used to quantify modifications occurring in the mitochondria of dog myocardium during the first four hours of autolysis. Myocardial fragments were obtained from the outer free wall of the left ventricle, during anesthesia (control-zero) and at 15, 45, 120, and 240 min after cardiac arrest, maintaining the heart "in situ" at 22 degrees C. During the 240 min of autolysis, the main parameters evaluated showed: (a) a decrease in the number of mitochondria from 0.31 to 0.12 per micron 3 of cytoplasm. The decrease over the first 45 min reached 50% of the initial value; (b) an increase in mitochondrial volume, three times greater after the first 45 min (from 0.92 to 2.68 micron 3) and four times greater after 240 min (from 0.92 to 3.79 micron 3); (c) an increase in mitochondrial outer membrane surface area from 5.51 to 12.54 micron 2; (d) an increase in the surface area of individual mitochondria inner membrane and cristae from 27.60 to 56.96 micron 2. The progressive nature of the alterations and the difference in the numerically expressed values allow correlation with the time of somatic death. The authors emphasize the need for further studies in order to complement the present study.