掌骨骨折损伤程度及法医学鉴定

探讨掌骨骨折的致伤特点及活体损伤程度的法医学鉴定。对 5 2例掌骨骨折的案例资料按不同掌骨及损伤类型进行分析。第 1～ 5掌骨分别对于掌骨头、掌骨颈、掌骨干、掌骨基底部的骨折发生率和致伤机理各有不同 ,直接暴力所致第 2掌骨头、间接暴力所致第 5掌骨颈、第 3和 4掌骨干及第 1掌骨基底部等部位的骨折最常见。分析结果表明 ,掌骨骨折损伤程度不同 ,其损伤机理不同 ,各有其特点     

中国汉族人群的线粒体DNA控制区多态性研究

探讨mtDNA多态性在法庭科学中个体识别的理论基础。应用PCR扩增产物直接测序方法 ,对 111名中国北方地区汉族人群无血缘关系个体的mtDNA控制区 (HVⅠ和HVⅡ )进行测序分析。在高变区Ⅰ 15 998～ 16 40 0之间发现 10 2处碱基变异 ,10 3个mtDNA单倍型 ;在高变区Ⅱ 0 0 0 35～ 0 0 36 9之间的发现 36处碱基变异 ,6 9个mtDNA单倍型。其可变碱基的变异形式主要为碱基替代 (转换和颠换 )、插入和缺失 ;碱基转换 (78 9% )明显高于颠换(14 3% )、插入 (3 4% ) ,缺失 (3 4% )。分析表明 ,人群个体mtDNA控制区碱基序列 ,基因多样性为 99 9% ,两个无关个体的偶合概率为 0 92 % ,具有高度序列的多态性     

成都汉族、甘肃东乡族群体D10S1432和D10S1213 位点的遗传多态性分析

目的本研究的目的是了解人类基因组中D10S1432及D10S1213两个STR位点在成都汉族和甘肃东乡族群体中的遗传多态性分布及两个群体之间的关系。方法采用PCR、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳及银染技术,共调查了209例样本。结果在D10S1432位点上观察到5个等位基因,15种基因型。在D10S1213位点上观察到9个等位基因,31种基因型。两位点的基因型频率在调查的两个群体中的分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律（P>0.05）。经统计,D10S1432在这两个群体中的杂合度为0.664和0.737,个人识别几率为0.827和0.820。D10S1213的杂合度为0.664和0.657,个人识别几率为0.836和0.882。结论结果表明,D10S1432和D10S1213两个位点在法医学个人识别和亲子鉴定中有较高应用价值。     

国产圆珠笔油墨字迹书写时间的鉴别

对国产圆珠笔油墨字迹书写时间的鉴别进行了实验研究,达到了检测速度快,实用性强,费用低的效果.     

310型遗传分析仪的应用

使用ABI公司ProfilerPlus、Cofiler试剂盒及310型遗传分析仪(以下简称310)检验各类案件2000余起,简化了ABI公司推荐的检验步骤,节约了成本,缩短了检验时间,讨论分析常见问题并提出解决办法,使结果分析更为客观准确.     

体内咪达唑仑代谢研究

提取小鼠肝P450酶,建立咪达唑仑的体外代谢模型.确定了其在体内的主要代谢产物的结构;通过优化药物体外代谢的条件,获得了较高纯度的咪达唑仑代谢物(α-OH咪达唑仑)对照品.通过志愿者实验,考察了咪达唑仑在体内的代谢过程和咪达唑仑及其代谢物α-OH咪达唑仑在体内的消除过程.结果表明以代谢物α-0H咪达唑仑作为分析目标物,建立灵敏、快速的分析方法,可使体内咪达唑仑检测的检出时限从6h延长至48h.该研究结果可满足实际检案需要,并可为分析结果的评价提供依据.     

Inhalant abuse detection and evaluation in young Tunisians

Occupational exposure biological monitoring techniques were applied for the diagnosis of inhalation abuse and for the evaluation of the levels of exposure to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, and n-hexane, in 44 Tunisian adolescents and children suspected for volatile substance addiction. Urinary trans,trans-muconic acid, hippuric acid (HA), mandelic acid, and methylhippuric acids determinations were performed by high performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector, and urinary o-cresol (o-Cr) and 2,5-hexanedione (HD) were extracted simultaneously and measured using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. Given the high linearity ranges, HD and o-Cr occupational exposure monitoring techniques could be applied without modification. However, urinary sample dilution was necessary before HA analysis. Concentrations were compared with the maxima of normal values (MNVs) in the general population and to the biological exposure indices (BEIs) used in occupational toxicology. Values as high as 6610-fold the MNV and 68 times the BEI were registered. The subjects showed high exposure to toluene and hexane. Measured metabolites HA and/or o-Cr and HD enabled the easy detection and evaluation of exposure levels. The problem of inhalant abuse should be given more attention and treated through an effective prevention strategy.     

The council political system: Its concept,historical rooting,and its distinguish from other parliamentary systems

The council's political system (CPS) is based on a basic idea that the legislative authority dominates the executive authority as the sole representative of the people, it authorizes the executive authority to carry out executive activities on its behalf with the latter remaining subordinate to the former and operating under its supervision and direction. CPS is considered one of the few systems of Parliament in application compared to other parliamentary systems and was often used by countries in times of crises experienced by them in an attempt to overcome those crises, given that this system limits the power of actual decision‐making to the legislative authority. CPS can be distinguished from other parliamentary political systems both presidential and parliamentary through several things, the most prominent of which is based on the idea of the relationship between its powers being included in favor of the legislative authority, and not on the basis of cooperation as is the case in the parliamentary system, or on the basis of complete separation as it is the situation in the presidential system. The results indicated that the success of the implementation of the council system depends on the nature of the ruling system that will be adopted and the philosophy that is based on it, in addition to the necessity of a high degree of political awareness. Through these results, we recommend the application of the CPS in light of the outbreak of the COVID‐19 and the subsequent political and societal changes.     

Analyzing Territorial and Sectorial Dimensions of Public–Private Partnerships in Science,Technology, and Innovation policies

The performance of innovation systems depends, to a great extent, on the degree of public–private collaboration they involve. Thus, innovation policies often aim to enhance this collaboration through public–private partnerships. These partnerships are a multidimensional phenomenon whose success depends on factors related to each of their dimensions. This paper proposes the use of an analytical model that reflects the multidimensional nature of public–private partnerships and analyses to what extent they are applied in a specific innovation system in order to identify the territorial and sectorial factors that act as barriers or drivers to use them. This model aims to help policy makers design appropriate public–private partnerships in each context. The case under review is the Spanish innovation system, given that this system has been suffering from a structural lack of collaboration for several decades, despite the implementation of policies aimed to foster this. Thus, if the model works, it should be able to identify key factors that influence greater or more restricted use of the different PPP formulas.     

利用压力循环仪提取骨骼DNA

目的探讨建立利用压力循环技术提取骨骼DNA的新方法。方法将11个不同部位骨骼样品分成3组,一组采用本实验室常规方法处理骨骼,一组采用压力循环仪处理骨骼,另外一组作为阴性对照,然后统一进行DNA的提取及定量。结果采用压力循环技术提取骨骼DNA时间比实验室常规方法缩短24小时以上,提取效率提高6%～49%。结论压力循环技术可以作为一种提取骨骼DNA提取的新方法之一。