Quelques aspects du management du Ministère des Affaires extérieures du Canada

Sommaire. Cet article a pour objet de démontrer l'interdépendance de la politique étrangère du Canada et de la structure administrative mise en place pour atteindre les objectifs de cette politique. Il met en relief la complexité des activités du Canada à l'étranger et les difficultés de coordination de cette structure administrative qui en dérive. En effet, une question se pose et à laquelle il faut trouver une réponse dam les plus brefs délais; il s'agit de savoir comment un gouvernement qui voit ses activités à l'étranger se multiplier avec une rapidité croissante, peut-il trouver une formule de coordination qui tout en recherchant à atteindre des objectifs gouvernementaux, permettra également à toutes ces activités de se réaliser d'une façon efficace. A cette fin, on explicitera le mandat de l'icer concernant l'intégration des services de soutien pour les opérations à l'étranger. Il est question également du comité de gestion au niveau de chaque mission et l'application du ppbs. Au niveau organisationnel, nous trouvons des distorsions dans la délégation d'autorité et la répartition des responsabilités. Les répartitions des catégories géographiques et économiques étaient un peu confuses. La nouvelle organisation caractérisée par un regroupement de la plupart des directions en «bureaux», soit régionaux, soit fonctionnels est mise en évidence et évaluée. Par ailleurs, le système ppb de programme par pays est également analysé et nous démonterons ses points faibles. En fonction des éléments d'analyse de cette situation, une conclusion nous permet de suggérer une idée sur la recherche de solution au problème de la coordination des activités internationales du Canada. Abstract. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the interdependence of Canada's foreign policy and the administrative structure set up to reach the objectives of that policy. The complexity of Canada's activities abroad as well as the difficulty of co-ordinating the administrative structures they generate are emphasized. A question is now being raised to which an answer will have to be found as rapidly as possible: how can a government whose activities abroad are multiplying at an increasing ace find a formula for both the attainment of governmental goals and the efficient implementation of all its activities. To this end, the terms of reference of the icer regarding the integration of supporting services for operations abroad will be clarified. The management committee at the level of individual missions and the application of ppbs will also be discussed. At the organizational level, we find distortions in the delegation of authority and in the sharing of responsibility, as well as confusion in the distribution of geographic and economic categories. The new organization, caracterized by a regrouping of most management activities into boards, either regional or functional, is emphasized and assessed. On the other hand, the ppb system of individual programs for each country is also analysed and we show its weaknesses. In conclusion, we suggest a possible avenue of inquiry in the search for a solution to the problem of co-ordinating Canada's international activities.     

SYNERGY FOR A SHARED FUTURE

正I came to China six years ago to try to understand the foreign policy perspectives of China, and the epochal shifts taking place in the global community. Asia’s rise is a reality, and the shifts the world is experiencing in a post-colonialist and post-imperialist age require a re-evaluation of definitions and perceptions.     

The role of the IFI and the EU Peace III Fund in creating sustainable peace in Northern Ireland and the border counties

NGOs aided by external economic aid can play a critical part in post-accord peacebuilding situations. This article explores the impact of the International Fund for Ireland and the European Union Peace III Fund in nurturing sustainable peace through development in Northern Ireland and the border counties of the Republic of Ireland by examining the perceptions and experiences of 107 local NGO leaders and 13 funding agency development officers. During the summer of 2010, 120 people were interviewed using semi-structured interviews in Derry city and nine border counties. The article explores the role of external economic international assistance aids in building sustainable development, reconciliation, and peace in Northern Ireland and the border counties.     

The conceptual essentials of minimum: explaining Pakistan's rationale of minimum deterrence

Very little is known about Pakistan's nuclear policy and, in particular, about its adoption of minimum deterrence, given the existence of nuclear ambiguity and the absence of public, official documentation of Pakistan's understanding of minimum deterrence. Therefore, despite its innocuousness, ‘minimum’ remains a vague and complex phenomenon short of definitional concreteness when it is brought to a real conceptual test. On the one hand, minimum is regarded as a small number of deterrent forces arguing against expansion and arms competition, while, on the other hand, it is viewed as a relative, and therefore continually evolving, concept depending on the region's fast-changing strategic environment. A conceptual basis for the concept of minimum is explored, leading to the question: why does Pakistan pursue minimum deterrence? It traces out the rationale of Pakistan's minimum deterrence as conceptualized following the 1998 nuclear tests. This rationale of Pakistan's minimum deterrence is then analysed in light of the essentials of minimum deterrence in order to see whether it is consistent with the basics of minimum as conceived here.     

Is the Median Voter a Clear-Cut Winner?: Comparing theMedian Voter Theory and Competing Theories in Explaining LocalGovernment Spending

This paper attempts to test the power of the median model againstthe respective strength of other alternate models based onredistributive, political-institutional and interest group theoriesin explaining the demand for public spending in New York statecounties during 1990, 1980 and 1970. To execute the comparison ofthe performance of median voter model with that of each of thenonmedian voter ones, various nonnested tests such as J and JAtests, N-tilde, W and encompassing tests have been employed.Results of the study show that although the median voter model hasa marginal edge over the rival models based on the alternativetheories, it may not be relied upon solely when many otherinstitutional, redistributive and interest group factors are alsorelevant for explaining public spending. The results of this studydiffer from those in Congleton and Bennett (1995). We do not findthat interest group models are substantially weaker than the medianvoter model.     

E-government gateway project and authentication： The case of Turkey

Parallel to the advancements in information and communication technologies, certain risks and security problems also arise, one of which is the authentication problem. In order to control who can have access to information sources, it is of utmost importance to develop an advanced authentication mechanism. It is through this mechanism that one can protect personal information, and prevent unauthorized access to the information or services provided. Likewise, this mechanism can block unauthorized persons to change or release information that is not public. All the work being undertaken in this field can be named as access control. The concept of authentication is among those concepts that have been studied for a long time in Turkey in the context of rapidly growing e-transformation efforts. In the process of e-transformation, the transformation circle is completed by first defining the concept of modeling business processes, followed by the formation of automation process, and lastly, providing services in electronic medium.