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241.
This paper examines the impact of economic freedom on income inequality using cross-sectional data for U.S. states. While previous research has explored this relationship internationally, the results have been conflicting. In addition, while it seems obvious that the large institutional differences across countries will impact income inequality, it isn’t so obvious that the smaller variation in policies among U.S. states can have a measurable impact. Can improvements in income inequality be used as a justification for marginal pro-market policy reforms at the state level, or is this argument applicable only to national-level institutional reforms? 相似文献
242.
Others have investigated the role that DNA profiling could play as a method for identifying the perpetrator of manual strangulation. These studies have demonstrated that it is possible to collect offender DNA from the skin surface of a victim following physical contact. It is not known whether nonself biological material is normally present on the skin surface due to adventitious transfer occurring during innocent everyday interactions. To test the hypothesis that detectable amounts of nonself DNA are normally present on the skin surface of healthy adult individuals due to the adventitious transfer of DNA occurring during normal day-to-day social interactions, we designed an experiment in three phases. Phase 1 was used to deduce which DNA collection, extraction, and amplification methods were suited to investigating this question. During phase 2, the neck surface of 24 healthy adult volunteers was swabbed. DNA was extracted using the QIAamp DNA mini kit and amplified using the SGM Plus PCR amplification kit, using 28 PCR cycles. The work carried out during phase 3 involved a simulated assault to investigate primary and secondary transfer of DNA during physical contact. It was found that 23% of neck areas swabbed during phase 2 of this investigation showed nondonor alleles in the resulting DNA profile, with 5% of areas showing six or more nondonor alleles. The results of phase 3 showed that primary, secondary, and zero transfer of victim and/or offender DNA could be observed after physical contact and that alleles from an unknown source could still be detected in this more controlled experiment. The data presented in this paper demonstrate that DNA profiles generated after swabbing the skin surface of healthy adults can include components of an unknown source, present due to adventitious transfer. These components, if present in large quantities, have the potential to interfere with DNA profile interpretation of swabs taken for the investigation of physical assault by DNA profiling. 相似文献
243.
Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been highlighted as a priority for UK governments and criminal justice agencies since the 1990s. However, whilst generating significant policy and procedural responses, the overall impact continues to be criticised. This paper examines contemporary approaches to IPV identification and response, highlighting the limitations within victim engagement and empowerment. It then moves on to specific developments and theories in victimology, demonstrating how research into victim engagement is emerging and could be utilised in practice to enhance victim empowerment. It argues that policy and procedure based upon an enhanced victim empowerment approach would be necessary in striving for positive criminal justice outcomes and for increasing victim satisfaction. 相似文献
244.
Timothy J. Owens Nathan D. Shippee Devon J. Hensel 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2008,37(10):1242-1256
Our study of the adolescent life course proposes that substantial maturation occurs within three intertwined arenas of development:
the social, the psychological, and the normative attainment. Further, each arena may be linked, respectively, to three youth
problem dimensions: drinking, depressive affect, and academic achievement. We use latent growth curves and the Youth Development
Study (effective N = 856) to track a panel of teens from their freshman to senior year in high school. There are 54.4% girls and 45.6% boys,
and 75.7% non-Hispanic whites and 24.3% other races/ethnicities. Two research goals are addressed: (1) estimate each dimension’s
unique developmental trajectory across high school, and (2) model the dimensions together in order to assess their reciprocal
influences. While mean levels in all three dimensions increased over time, distinct developmental patterns were observed,
especially in drinking and depression. For example, more drinking occasions—a social activity for most teens—may help assuage
some teens’ emotional distress, especially girls’. These patterns suggest a synergistic relationship between the social and
psychological arenas of development. Contrary to expectation, higher freshman depressive affect was associated with a significantly
sharper increase in GPA over time for girls.
Timothy J. Owens is an Associate Professor of Sociology at Purdue University, West Lafayette. He received his Ph.D. in sociology from the University of Minnesota. His primary research interests are life course contexts, development, and transitions; sociology of mental health; identity and self-concept; and sociology of children and adolescents. His most recent book is From Adolescence to Adulthood in the Vietnam Era (Springer 2005). Other projects include applying role and identity theory to estimating the probability and timing of death among American infantrymen in the Vietnam War. Nathan D. Shippee is a 2008–2009 Fulbright research fellow in Ukraine. He received his Ph.D. in sociology from Purdue University in 2008. His research interests pertain to social psychology, criminology, criminal justice, and discourse analysis. Current projects include: violent victimization in the life course, wrongful conviction, legal cases regarding parents who kill their partners, stigma management, and national identity. Devon J. Hensel is an Assistant Research Scientist, Section of Adolescent Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine. She received her Ph.D. in sociology from Purdue University in 2005. Current research interests include: adolescent health and development, sexual health and decision making, gender and longitudinal data analysis. 相似文献
Devon J. HenselEmail: |
Timothy J. Owens is an Associate Professor of Sociology at Purdue University, West Lafayette. He received his Ph.D. in sociology from the University of Minnesota. His primary research interests are life course contexts, development, and transitions; sociology of mental health; identity and self-concept; and sociology of children and adolescents. His most recent book is From Adolescence to Adulthood in the Vietnam Era (Springer 2005). Other projects include applying role and identity theory to estimating the probability and timing of death among American infantrymen in the Vietnam War. Nathan D. Shippee is a 2008–2009 Fulbright research fellow in Ukraine. He received his Ph.D. in sociology from Purdue University in 2008. His research interests pertain to social psychology, criminology, criminal justice, and discourse analysis. Current projects include: violent victimization in the life course, wrongful conviction, legal cases regarding parents who kill their partners, stigma management, and national identity. Devon J. Hensel is an Assistant Research Scientist, Section of Adolescent Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine. She received her Ph.D. in sociology from Purdue University in 2005. Current research interests include: adolescent health and development, sexual health and decision making, gender and longitudinal data analysis. 相似文献
245.
Physical and emotional sibling violence has received minimal attention compared with other forms of familial violence. Policy related to addressing physical and emotional sibling violence is scant, whereas the occurrence of violence between siblings is rampant in many families. An overview of the knowledge base regarding this social problem is provided as a backdrop for understanding the current sociopolitical status of sibling violence. Understanding current policy and societal discourse related to addressing sibling violence is possible through Lorraine Fox-Harding's values perspective on childcare policy. The four value perspectives of laissez-faire and patriarchy, state paternalism and child protection, the modern defense of the birth family and parents' rights, and children's rights and child liberation allow insight into how sibling violence is currently viewed and the policy implications of those perspectives. Regardless of one's value perspective, actions around policy and family interventions for sibling violence is warranted. Alternatives to the current situation and consequences of not addressing violent behavior between siblings are discussed along with roles the government, parents, and children can take in addressing this oftentimes underrecognized social justice issue. 相似文献
246.
Laura A. Regan Nathan W. Bower Samuel J. Brown Craig C. Lundstrom Gideon Bartov Matthew D. Cooney 《法庭科学研究(英文)》2021,6(1):42
Isotopic signatures used in the georeferencing of human remains are largely fixed by spatially distinct geologic and environmental processes. However, location-dependent temporal changes in these isotope ratios should also be considered when determining an individual’s provenance and/or trajectory. Distributions of the relevant isotopes can be impacted by predictable external factors such as climate change, delocalisation of food and water sources and changes in sources and uses of metals. Using Multi-Collector Inductively-Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS) analyses of 206Pb/207Pb in tooth enamel and dentin from a population of 21 ± 1-year-old individuals born circa 1984 and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) of δ18O in their enamel, we examined the expected influence of some of these factors. The resulting adjustments to the geographic distribution of isotope ratios (isoscapes) found in tooth enamel and dentin may contain additional useful information for forensic identification, but the shifts in values can also impact the uncertainty and usefulness of identifications if they are not taken into account.
KEY POINTS
- Isoscapes of 206Pb/207Pb and δ18O used for geolocation are not static.
- Within a few years, the enamel and dentin of a person may exhibit measurable differences in 206Pb/207Pb even without changing locations.
- Changes in climatic patterns tied to rising temperatures are more significant than the direct effect of increasing temperature on δ18O fixed in tooth bioapatite.
- Third molar (M3) enamel mineralisation includes material incorporated from before formal amelogenesis takes place.
247.
Liverpool Law Review - Anarchism often sets itself against the law. However, the alternative vision advanced by anarchism faces theoretical problems. Further, case studies of anarchist communities... 相似文献
248.
Nathan M. Jensen Michael G. Findley Daniel L. Nielson 《American journal of political science》2020,64(4):807-822
Through a field experiment and audit study, we test how the electoral calendar affects the use of local economic development policies. We explore how electoral timing along with local political institutions and party composition affect local governments’ offers of investment incentives to outside firms. We legally incorporated a consultancy and, on behalf of a real investor in manufacturing, approached roughly 3,000 U.S. municipalities with inquiries. The main experimental results show no greater tendency to offer incentives for investment anticipated prior to than after elections—a null result that is estimated with high precision. Limiting the sample to municipalities that specialize in manufacturing, the relevant subgroup, suggests that election timing matters in this most likely set of locales. Some observational findings include additional evidence on how direct elections of executives and partisanship correlate with incentive offers. 相似文献
249.
Inner City Youth and Drug Dealing: A Review of the Problem 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Reviewed existing literature on drug dealing and inner city adolescents that underscores a serious and worsening problem. Around one in six urban adolescents have had some involvement in drug dealing, with rates even higher for African-American males over 16. For inner city teenagers, there are a range of problems associated with drug dealing, including juvenile arrest, involvement in violence (as victims and perpetrators), substance abuse, behavioral and emotional difficulties, academic failure and dropout. In terms of etiology, three influences have received the most attention: family dysfunction, economic factors, and perceptions of drug dealing that promote involvement in it. In general, there is limited recognition of the severity of the problem of drug dealing and inner city adolescents, corresponding to an almost total lack of efforts to prevent or address it. Efforts are needed at individual, family, group, school, community, and mass media levels to address this serious and escalating problem. 相似文献
250.
Nathan Badenoch 《当代亚洲杂志》2018,48(5):783-807
ABSTRACTThe nation-building project of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic has been challenged by the task of uniting the multi-ethnic country under its political ideology. The Lao National Radio broadcasts in the Khmu and Hmong languages are the only official voice of minority languages and provide insights on how political messages are sent to the population. In their creation of programming material, the broadcasters must translate the socialist ideology of the Communist Party into language that is politically correct and culturally acceptable. In the process, they are creating a political register in the two languages that is heavily influenced by the linguistic structures of Lao. This article examines these two broadcasts to see how language use at the radio effects the message that is delivered to the listeners, enhancing the calls for mobilisation by teaching the people a new political language reflected not only in terms of lexicon, but also in the syntax and phonology of their translations. The result is a way of speaking that crosses ethno-linguistic boundaries to reinforce the control of the state. 相似文献