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41.
AbstractLiterature on organizational turnaround has frequently suggested, but rarely investigated, the possibility that turnaround strategies for failing organizations must be matched to the specific needs of the organization. Building on work related to causes of decline in private sector literature, this study offers a framework for matching strategic interventions to the current state of an organization’s functioning in terms of resources (material and human), coordination (horizontal and vertical), and the environment. Using a panel dataset of New York City schools, we find that two understandings of turnaround that often appear mutually exclusive—that an organization can improve performance by shoring up weaknesses and that an organization should play to its current strengths—can complement each other and may both appropriately describe different types of organizational challenges. 相似文献
42.
The current study analyzes police use of force as a series of time-bound transactions between officers, civilians, and bystanders. The research begins with a systematic social observation of use-of-force events recorded on police body-worn cameras in Newark, New Jersey. Researchers measure the occurrence and time stamps for numerous participant physical and verbal behaviors. Data are converted into a longitudinal panel format measuring all observed behaviors in 5-second intervals. Panel logistic regression models estimate the effect of each behavior on use of force in immediate and subsequent temporal periods. Findings indicate certain variables influence use of force at a distinct point in time, whereas others exert influence on use of force across multiple time periods. The most influential variables relate to authority maintenance theoretical constructs. This finding supports prior perspectives arguing that police use of force largely results from officer attempts to maintain constant authority over civilians during face-to-face encounters. Nonetheless, a range of additional variables reflecting procedural justice, civilian resistance, and bystander presence significantly affect when police use force during civilian encounters. Results provide nuance to theoretical frameworks considering use of force as resulting from the interplay between officer and civilian actions and reactions. 相似文献
43.
44.
This essay is concerned to trace a materialist current within the work of Peter Goodrich, with the aim of evaluating it in
the light of the work of Deleuze and Guattari. The are two reasons for this: firstly, it serves to encourage the development
of Deleuzean perspectives within critical legal studies, and secondly, it presents the potential of a re-invigoration of a
branch of criticism based not only upon the problems raised by issues of meaning and representation, but one which is also
sensitive to the conditions of the relations of production of both meaning and desire.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
45.
This article assesses the influence of income inequality on the public's policy mood. Recent work has produced divergent perspectives on the relationship between inequality, public opinion, and government redistribution. One group of scholars suggests that unequal representation of different income groups reproduces inequality as politicians respond to the preferences of the rich. Another group of scholars pays relatively little attention to distributional outcomes but shows that government is generally just as responsive to the poor as to the rich. Utilizing theoretical insights from comparative political economy and time‐series data from 1952 to 2006, supplemented with cross‐sectional analysis where appropriate, we show that economic inequality is, in fact, self‐reinforcing, but that this is fully consistent with the idea that government tends to respond equally to rich and poor in its policy enactments. 相似文献
46.
Andrew J. Nathan 《二十世纪中国》2013,38(1):117-131
47.
Social distancing is an effective means of containing the spread of COVID-19, but only if we all participate. Who are the individuals who are least likely to adhere to social distancing recommendations, presently and in the long term? Such knowledge is important for policy makers looking to sustain the public's buy-in to social distancing. Using survey data from a sample of U.S. residents (n = 1,449), the authors show that some demographic factors (gender, age, race, political party) help predict intent to adhere to social distancing. Yet demographic factors are relatively poor predictors compared with individual attitudes and media diets. Public officials should make efforts to inform and persuade the public of the importance of social distancing, targeting media such as television and radio, where audiences are less likely to currently engage in social distancing or are less likely to envision themselves sustaining strict social distancing for several weeks or months. 相似文献
48.
Law and Critique - In this article, an important set of general themes will be examined in relation to the ongoing problematization of the legitimacy of modern constitutionalism within a body of... 相似文献
49.
Recent research using a calibration approach indicates that eyewitness confidence assessments obtained immediately after a
positive identification decision provide a useful guide as to the likely accuracy of the identification. This study extended
research on the boundary conditions of the confidence–accuracy (CA) relationship by varying the retention interval between
encoding and identification test. Participants (N = 1,063) viewed one of five different targets in a community setting and attempted an identification from an 8-person target-present
or -absent lineup either immediately or several weeks later. Compared to the immediate condition, the delay condition produced
greater overconfidence and lower diagnosticity. However, for choosers at both retention intervals there was a meaningful CA
relationship and diagnosticity was much stronger at high than low confidence levels. 相似文献
50.
Nathan Harvill 《International Journal for the Semiotics of Law》2010,23(1):49-60
This paper applies semiotic analysis to issues arising from the recent Supreme Court decision of Kelo v. City of New London [545 U.S.469] (2005). The author uses the tools of semiotics to explore the evolution of language and speech and their relationship
to the terms, “private property” and “public use” as used by the Supreme Court and the general public in the years leading
up to the Kelo decision. This paper will first provide an overview of the field of semiotics, describing the prevailing thought and the
methods utilized by semioticians to find meaning. Second, the tools of semiotics will be applied to Supreme Court cases, beginning
with Bauman v. Ross [167 U.S. 548] (1897) and continuing to Kelo v. City of New London. Utilizing these tools, the author will show how, within the span of approximately 100 years, the speech of the court has
affected the language of legal discourse. The signs to which both Bauman and Kelo seek to attach meaning are found in the Fifth Amendment to the US Constitution, which provides, in relevant part, “…nor shall
private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.”(emphasis added) (U.S. Const. Amendment 5). This dialectic activity resulted in the development of two different languages. One was used by the layperson, whereas
the other was found in relevant legal/political institutions such as the US Supreme Court. This paper will focus on the fundamental
change in the meaning of the sign/expression “public use.” 相似文献