Detection of species of graft in xenotransplants using arbitrary primed polymerase chain reaction.

Because of a shortage in the availability of human organs, xenografts have been attempted in humans with cardiac, renal, and hepatic failure, despite limited success. Use of xenografts, however, is regulated under law in various countries. In xenotransplant cases related to violation of transplantation law, determination of species of the source of tissue and organ(s) becomes highly essential. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) protocols using six sets of arbitrary short-sequenced primers have been standardized for verifying claims of porcine cardiac and renal grafts in human transplantation cases. Six arbitrary primers used were found to generate unique amplicon patterns at 36 degrees C annealing temperature. Among the selected primers, a single primer set having the sequence 5'- GGTGCGGGAA -3' is found to be the most informative in discerning porcine tissue contamination in humans. The patterns obtained were consistent for a particular genome. The grafted organs in the studied case were analyzed to be of porcine origin.     

The histopathological spectrum of myocardial inflammation in relation to circumstance of death: a retrospective cohort study in clinical and forensic autopsies

Interpreting a myocardial inflammation as causal, contributory or as of no significance at all in the cause of death can be challenging, especially in cases where other pathologic and/or medico-legal findings are also present. To further evaluate the significance of myocardial inflammation as a cause of death we performed a retrospective cohort study of forensic and clinical autopsy cases. We revised the spectrum of histological inflammatory parameters in the myocardium of 79 adult autopsy cases and related these to the reported cause of death. Myocardial slides were reviewed for the distribution and intensity of inflammatory cell infiltrations, the predominant inflammatory cell type, and the presence of inflammation-associated myocyte injury, fibrosis, edema and hemorrhage. Next, the cases were divided over three groups, based on the reported cause of death. Group 1 (n = 27) consisted of all individuals with an obvious unnatural cause of death. Group 2 (n = 29) included all individuals in which myocarditis was interpreted to be one out of more possible causes of death. Group 3 (n = 23) consisted of all individuals in which myocarditis was reported to be the only significant finding at autopsy, and no other cause of death was found. Systematic application of our histological parameters showed that only a diffuse increase of inflammatory cells could discriminate between an incidental presence of inflammation (Group 1) or a potentially significant one (Groups 2 and 3). No other histological parameter showed significant differences between the groups. Our results suggest that generally used histological parameters are often insufficient to differentiate an incidental myocarditis from a (potentially) significant one.     

"后农业税时代"农村公共产品供给问题的研究综述

我国农村已进入“后农业税时代”,在这一背景下农村公共产品供给体制发生了较大变化。我国学者从不同角度对“后农业税时代”农村公共产品供给这一课题给予了多方面的研究。本文主要从农村公共产品的界定与特征;“后农业税时代”农村公共产品供给的现状;“后农业税时代”农村公共产品供给不足的原因分析;“后农业税时代”农村公共产品供给机制的选择等四个方面作了一个文献综述。     

The legitimization and institutionalization of ‘parental alienation’ in the Province of Quebec

ABSTRACT

This article examines the legitimization and institutionalization of ‘parental alienation’ discourse in the Province of Quebec, Canada. It draws upon an analysis of 31 documents (legislation, research reports and articles, training documents, professional documents and media articles) and interviews with 13 key informants, who were selected based on their knowledge of ‘parental alienation’ in research, policies or practices. The research findings reveal that the legitimization and institutionalization of ‘parental alienation’ discourse is a more recent process than in other provinces and countries, but that it has now permeated child custody as well as child protection proceedings. Academic researchers and media have been instrumental in this legitimization and institutionalization process, while the role played by changes to child protection policies is more ambiguous. The findings reveal researchers’ and experts’ tendency to distance themselves from Gardner’s controversial work on ‘parental alienation syndrome’ and to address the critiques by proposing new approaches and new concepts. However, the terms ‘parental alienation syndrome’, ‘parental alienation’ and ‘alienating behaviours’ are often used interchangeably, and assessment practices tend to rely on similar indicators.     

围绕大局做好新时代信息工作——为党中央和集团公司党组提供决策参考

信息是各级党委了解情况的重要渠道、科学决策的重要依据,是基层单位反映情况的重要途径、展示形象的重要窗口。深入研究并持续提升信息工作水平对于服务中央决策、展示石油形象具有重要意义。文章以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指引,立足信息工作内涵要求,深入研究信息工作主渠道作用,分析存在的问题和制约因素,通过信息工作成果总结经验认识,研究得出信息工作的最佳实践路径,提出了推动新时代信息工作高质量发展的思考和建议。     

北京市社会治理效能评价研究:基于主客观的视角

本文综合运用客观评价方法和主观问卷调查研究方法相结合的优点,构建了北京市社会治理效能评估的六个维度,即社会保障与就业、社会服务、社会参与、社会公正、公共安全、公众满意度。主观评价数据通过实地调研有效问卷获得,客观评价数据通过统计年鉴和各类网站获得。通过主客观指标的数据收集和实地调研,最终测算出北京市社会治理的整体水平以及北京市16个区县社会治理的排名情况,并从治理手段、治理体制、治理机制以及透明化等方面提出了进一步完善的相关建议。     

金融支持海洋经济发展:粤沪等6省市的主要实践及其对琼启示

党的十九大报告提出“加快建设海洋强国”的战略,《2019年海南省政府工作报告》提出要“做强做优热带特色高效农业和海洋经济”。发展海洋经济,已经成为海南加快建设海洋强省的核心任务。近年来,海南辖区金融机构不断完善金融服务功能,推动海南发展海洋经济建设海洋强省取得积极成效,但工作中仍然存在着政策协同发力不够、金融机构积极性整体偏低等问题;与此同时,粤沪等6省市在发挥金融综合支持效能推动地方建设海洋强省(市)等方面做了很多有益探索。本文旨在通过对粤沪等6省市的主要实践或经验进行总结,并借鉴有益经验,对海南金融支持海洋经济发展存在的问题提出针对性解决方案,为海南金融助力地方培育“蓝色引擎”提供决策参考。     

Domestic Contestation and Presidential Prerogative in Colombian Foreign Policy

The study of Colombian foreign policy emphasises external constraints and presidential prerogative in foreign policymaking. Drawing on insights from recent foreign policy analysis literature and evidence from several cases (Plan Colombia, US military bases, free trade talks with China, and ICJ arbitration of a maritime border with Nicaragua), this article challenges commonplace presidentialist assumptions. A novel model of ‘contested presidentialism’ better captures how Colombian domestic actors mobilise to raise political costs to block or modify presidential preferences. When the opposition fails to raise costs, presidentialist assumptions apply. Otherwise, presidents respond strategically by abandoning policies or substituting second-best alternatives.     

涉私募基金非法集资犯罪的问题研究——以新时代提升治理效能的法治思维为起源

涉私募基金非法集资犯罪的发生严重影响国家金融安全和社会稳定,随着新时代的到来,涉私募基金非法集资犯罪呈现出不同于以往集资类犯罪的特点。我们需要在准确分析其特点及成因的基础上,采取社会综合治理的模式,通过拓宽涉私募资金领域投融资渠道、推进涉私募基金立法工作的开展、强化涉私募基金行业的监管力度、完善涉私募基领域犯罪界定机制等保障金融安全。