Democracy and economic development

This discussion explains why democracy as is generally understood may not be suitable to meet the challenges of a developing economy and how democratic institutions generally fail to respond to the immediate demands of a population impatient to raise its level of living. It defines the terms economic development and democracy, reviews some theoretical models of democracy which have been proposed in economic theory, proposes an approach to the process of economic development, and considers problems of development. Economic development is a process which calls for huge investments in personnel and material. Such investment programs imply cuts in current consumption that would be painful at the low levels of living that exist in almost all developing societies. Governments need to resort to strong measures, and they must enforce them vigorously in order to marshal the surpluses required for investment. If such measures were put to a popular vote, they would certainly be defeated. Mainstream economic theory assumes the virtues of a market system and the decisions arrived at by the interaction of market forces. This is the economic equivalent of democracy. Yet, mainstream economic theory devotes little attention to the conditions under which a market system generates a just solution. The democratic developing countries have all inherited a class society, with a highly skewed distribution of income. The wealthy minority often seeks to preserve its privileged position and to enjoy the benefits of development. It even seeks the help of the judiciary to preserve the sanctity of private property and to assure that its patterns of conspicuous consumption can continue. This is done in the name of democratic rights. Many developing societies are burdened with outmoded traditions and value systems that are incompatible with the production relations of the new society they hope to achieve. The international exchange of resources is believed by some to be an attempt to control the pace and character of development so that the economic colonization will survive. To end such unfavorable conditions for development, 3rd world governments must demand greater sacrifices from their citizens, and this cannot be achieved by normal democratic means. Recent events in several developing nations illustrate this point.     

Value of bacteriologic studies within the scope of forensic autopsies

The various questions regarding bacteriological investigations within the scope of forensic autopsies are discussed in the light of our own cases and with regard to the relevant literature: estimate of the age of the corpse on the basis of decomposition changes caused by bacteria; determination of so-called bacteriograms from the point of view of criminalistics; supplementary investigations of the cause of death. Iatrogenic infections (e.g., gangrene) are gone into in more detail, as is so-called infantile botulism within the scope of the "sudden infant death syndrome". Finally, it is pointed out that when doing forensic autopsies, thought should also be given to illnesses that have only been known for a few years, examples being legionnaires' disease and the toxic shock syndrome ("tampon sickness").     

The primary investigation of material evidence and the evaluation of its suitability for expert biological identification by genomic "dactyloscopy"

Use of DNA "fingerprinting" method for biological analysis of material evidences exhibit new potentials for making concrete expert conclusions. But such expertise is time consuming and difficult to perform that's why it is important to evaluate fitness of expert material for DNA fingerprinting at early stages of object investigation. Method of preliminary treatment of objects sent for DNA fingerprint expertise in case of sexual assault is suggested and tested. This method allows one to evaluate objects easily from the standpoint of possibility to perform such investigation.     

福建省网络文化建设与管理现状综述

党的十七届六中全会以来,福建省进一步加强了网络文化的建设与管理,大力推进网络文化的蓬勃发展,网络文化产品和服务日益丰富,网络文化管理体系不断完善,网络文化的吸引力、影响力进一步增强,在推动福建省经济社会发展的进程中发挥了积极作用。本文主要从网络基础设施建设、网络文化平台建设、网络文化产业建设、网络文化管理建设和网络信息安全建设等五个方面对福建省网络文化的建设和发展现状进行研究,并简要分析其中存在的问题,以此为加强网络文化建设和管理对策的制定提供参考。     

自然文化化解文明冲突的功能浅析——以广西桂林临桂·2011国际湿地文化节为例

桂林临桂湿地文化属自然文化。自然文化是非物质文化的一种。利用好、发展好自然文化有利于推动社会文化的发展。对特定自然文化现象的内涵进行顺应时代要求的规定有利于不同文明之间的对话,利用好自然文化对文明冲突的化解,有利于构建和谐社会、和谐世界。     

Gendered entanglements: Dakotas and Scandinavians at Spirit Lake, 1900–1930

In this article the author explores the interconnections between the social and the material—as people move to a space on the land, coexisting with one another. By focusing in on one specific place—the Spirit Lake Dakota Indian Reservation (formerly called the Devils Lake Sioux Indian Reservation) in North Dakota—the author analyzes what happened when white immigrants came to homestead and live on land historically reserved for Dakotas. Against the backdrop of Native dispossession, this illustrative case reveals the ways everyday interactions created entanglements through landownership, the gendered division of paid work, neighboring practices, and leasing land. It challenges us to uncover gendered processes, probe denials, and interrogate silences.     

Postfeeding Larval Dispersal Behavior of Late Season Blow Flies (Calliphoridae) in Southern Ontario,Canada

Postfeeding dispersal involves migration of larvae away from their food source in order to pupate. Puparia are difficult to find, yet are important for estimating PMI, and missing puparia during collection can result in inaccurate estimations. This study investigates the late season maggot dispersal patterns for blow flies at coyote carcasses in two habitats with an aim to improving puparia collection procedures. Puparia samples collected from various dispersal distances and directions tested the spatial distribution patterns of the various species using the variance/mean ratio (VMR). Lucilia illustris was the most common species to emerge, with a preferred minimum dispersal distance of more than 50.8 cm and an overall VMR value of 14.91, indicating this species had a clumped distribution pattern. These findings highlight that current collection procedures that use random sampling from under carcasses do not adequately account for the spatial distribution of larvae.