太平天国科举制度是太平天国覆灭的原因之一

太平天国起义后不久即宣布开科取士,说明太平天国领导集团意识到人才对于巩固政权的重要性。太平天国定都后对传统的科举制度进行了颠覆性的改革,如改三年一次乡试为一年四试京试,考试内容弃四书五经改为上帝教教义,实行参考权平等。太平天国对科举制度的改革使太平天国不仅没有网罗到栋梁之才,还遭到了当时文人士子的强烈反对和抵制,成为太平天国最后覆灭的又一原因。太平天国科举考试更多的表现了太平天国领袖的科举情结和对社会的反叛。     

苏共意识形态为什么会发生"一夜之变"

苏共意识形态为何“一夜剧变”,这是苏共时期以来在意识形态领域实施封闭性,以及颂扬斯大林主义的结果。这一历史现象,并不违背马克思主义关于意识形态相对稳定的原理。     

浅谈起诉书中犯罪事实部分的制作

起诉书中犯罪事实制作的好坏直接影响到起诉书的质量 ,也会影响到办案的质量。本文着重就制作起诉书的犯罪事实时 ,在选材、结构、表达等方面的问题展开论述。     

冷战后核危机频发原因探析

冷战的终结带来了国际核裁军的良好势头,但在20世纪90年代末至21世纪初,印巴核竞赛、朝鲜核危机和伊朗核问题频频出现,一些大国的核政策也出现了逆转,国际核形势依然不容乐观。导致这一时期核问题突出的原因是多方面的。在核危机应对过程中,和平解决成为相关国家的首要选择;核大国积极介入共同干预;相关国际组织和区域组织空前活跃;地区安全机制建设提上了议事日程。     

Asian values revisited

  With Asia's economy still booming in the second half of the 1990's “Asian values” were announced by some politicians (Lee Kuan Yew, Mahatir, Ishihara, Mahbubani etc.) and contrasted with “Western values”. Soon a controversial debate within Asia ensued (Kim, Fidel Ramos ea..), into which also the western democracies joined. The “West” however reacted rather defensively to the new assertiveness of some Asian statesmen, inspite of the fact that the authors of this debate put into question the western dominance in global value setting which has been in existence since the French revolution. But has this debate withstood the test of time, the challenges posed by the recession in Asia and by the ever increasing globalization? Hardly. The crisis has destroyed the notion that “Asian values” had been the main cause and guarantor of Asia's exorbitant growth rates. While in the West Christianity forms the essential basics of culture, in Asia there is a multitude of coexisting - and frequently confronting world religions. There is no other continent which in cultural and political terms is so contradictory and potentially conflict ridden like Asia. “Asianism” as a concept was surely also intended as an instrument to integrate multiethnic Asian societies with weak internal cohesion. At the same time it served to neutralize the human rights issue. In the meantime the debate has become quieter and more dispassionate. In the developed West the notion gained acceptance to abandon “Eurocentrism”. At the same time there is recognition that “Asian values” are not exclusive. Also in Europe the family plays a special role. A debate on values is needed for societal integration – also in the “West” which should become more aware of the need to reassert the origins of its own spiritual foundations. Following September 11th the west is well advised to continue the dialogue on values with Asia. Update and expanded version of an article first published in: Au?enpolitik IV/1996, p. 326 “Beginnt das pazifische Jahrhundert?” I would like to thank Julia Prati for the translation of the updated and expanded version of this article     

情报信息的侦查模式

侦查模式是指侦查主体进行侦查活动时所采用的程式。传统侦查模式可分为从案到人、从人到案、从案到人、从物到案等模式。情报信息的侦查模式是利用情报信息系统和通讯网络开展的侦查方式,从侦查切入点、侦查思维、侦查措施、侦查效率等方面与传统侦查模式有着较大的差别。情报信息的侦查模式具有反应迅速、过程保密、结果客观、成本低、效率高等优势和特点。     

Race as a factor in university admissions

In two recent cases, Grutter v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 306. (2003) and Gratz v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 244. (2003), the Supreme Court held that the Equal Protection Clause permitted state schools to use race-sensitive admissions in order to obtain the educational benefits that flow from a diverse student body. The diversity-based argument for race-sensitive admissions, scholarships, awards, and other opportunities at universities should have been rejected because it does not consider the full range of costs and benefits and because the more narrow educational effects probably weigh against such programs. However, this does not suggest that applicants’ race, ethnicity, and gender should be ignored. Rather the same consideration that led to the defeat of the diversity argument, i.e., reasoning capacity, supports the consideration of demographic factors. However, attention to such factors further undermines the consequentialist case for affirmative action.     

"违宪审查"相关概念之分析

本文针对目前宪法学界存在的对违宪审查、司法审查、宪法诉讼、宪法实施、宪法监督、宪法保障等概念的模糊认识,阐明了自己的观点.     

农民市民化的制度性障碍解析及对策思考

农民市民化过程中需应对的制度性障碍,主要是指农村和城市的一些现行制度影响和阻碍了向城镇转移农民的进程,如不尽快加以解决,会严重阻滞农村城市化的步伐。