Development and validation of videotaped scenarios: a method for targeting specific participant groups

Researchers using scenarios often neglect to validate perceived content and salience of embedded stimuli specifically with intended participants, even when such meaning is integral to the study. For example, sex and aggression stimuli are heavily influenced by culture, so participants may not perceive what researchers intended in sexual aggression scenarios. Using four studies, the authors describe the method of scenario validation to produce two videos assessing alcohol-related sexual aggression. Both videos are identical except for the presence in one video of antiforce cues that are extremely salient to the young heterosexual men. Focus groups and questionnaires validate these men's perceptions that (a) the woman was sexually interested, (b) the sexual cues were salient, (c) the antiforce cues were salient (antiaggression video only), and (e) these antiforce cues inhibited acceptance of forced sex. Results show the value of carefully selecting and validating content when assessing socially volatile variables and provide a useful template for developing culturally valid scenarios.     

Ethics and Government: Preliminary Considerations

This symposium reproduces several of the papers presented during the international conference sponsored by the Queensland University of Technology Centre for the Study of Ethics, at Parliament House, Brisbane, 11-13 February, 1999. The theme of the conference was 'Government and Business: Integrity and Accountability'. The papers have been revised following discussions within a research colloquium associated with the conference. They were initially presented within a strand entitled 'Competition, Marketisation, Public Services and Public Ethics' which explored ethical issues for contemporary government within different national contexts (New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Malaysia and Australia) around the impact of economic policies that have reframed the role of government primarily as a servant of the international market.     

Corruption is bad for growth (even in the United States)

We estimate the impact of corruption on growth of output per worker in U.S. states. We improve on existing studies of the cost of corruption by using a better specified empirical model, focusing on a study population that is less likely to be affected by parameter heterogeneity, and controlling for endogeneity using political variables to instrument for corruption. We find that corruption plays a significant and causal role in lowering growth and investment across the states.     

Integrity and resilience in the face of multiple crises: commentary from Puerto Rico

Since 2010, the population of Puerto Rico has declined by 11.8％ and is currently 3.3 million people [1]. This worrisome trend is a result of a plethora of island-wide challenges spanning financial difficulties, natural disasters, and epidemics. Following over a decade of economic hardship and debt, incapacitating hurricanes, Irma and Maria, destroyed large swaths of the island in 2017. While still recovering from that disaster, a magnitude 6.4 earthquake centered about 5 miles off the southwestern coast on January 7, 2020, destroying buildings and roads in southwestern Puerto Rico. This event, and subsequent aftershocks that continue until today, further aggravate an already stressed population. In the mix, viral epidemics have brought further economic, social, and health-related suffering. Puerto Rico was the centre of the 2016–2017 Zika virus infections, representing over 85％ of the US infections in 2016 [2].     

Invasion of the western Ampelmännchen

Since the unification of Germany in 1990, academics have debated the consequences of the integration of the former German Democratic Republic with the Federal Republic of Germany. We explore the rise of the Ampelmannchen within the context of the Ostalgie industry to argue that East Germans have turned to one imported institution as a vehicle for the expression of their interests and identity: the market. In contrast to other GDR icons, the Ampelmannchen is finding popular resonance because it is entirely untainted by the negative aspects of GDR life. Its economic success contributes to the creation of an eastern cultural identity.     

FROM CHAOS TO CHAOS: SOUTH YEMEN 50 YEARS AFTER THE BRITISH DEPARTURE

Fifty years after the British departure the future of South Arabia or South Yemen is just as uncertain as it was on 30 November 1967, when the People's Republic of South Yemen (PRSY) came into existence. The old order was swept away in the revolutionary tide of the mid- 20^th century to be replaced by a Marxist state. Yet, within less than 23 years the new order was undermined by unresolved issues inherited from South Arabia and led to an ill-prepared union with the Yemen Arab Republic (YAR) in 1990. Today, after over two and half years of war, Yemen is fragmenting and one outcome might be the return of a southern state which will have to confront the same unresolved issues. Are southerners Yemenis or South Yemenis? Can institutions be created to overcome tribal and regional differences with the South? Can a viable economy be created in a country with so few natural resources? This article provides a history of the region and the conflicts of the last 50 years, along with a consideration of the present situation and a discussion of the enduring issues.     

China's Christian universities,winter, 1948–49

Central Asia Peoples of Central Asia. By Lawrence Krader. Vol. 26 of the Uralic and Altaic Series. American Council of Learned Societies. Indiana University and Mouton and Co., The Hague, 1963. Pp. 319. Maps. Index. $4. Dutch Guilders, 14. 50.

Russia in Central Asia. By Michael Rywkin. Russian Civilization Series. New York, Collier Books; London, Collier‐Macmillan Ltd., 1964. Pp. 191. Maps. Index. 7s. 6d.

South Asia The Poems of Khushhal Khan Khatak. With English Verse Translations by Evelyn Howell and Olaf Caroe. London, Oxford University Press for the Pashto Academy, University of Peshawar, 1963. Pp. 98. 15s.

Charsada. A Metropolis of the North‐West Frontier. By Sir Mortimer Wheeler. London. Oxford University for the Government of Pakistan and the British Academy, 1962. Pp. 130. XLV Plates. Index. 63s.

The China‐India Border. The Origins of the Disputed Boundaries. Chatham House Essays: 2. London, Oxford University Press for the Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1964. Pp. 192. Maps. Bibliog. 12s. 6d.

Peking versus Delhi. By George N. Patterson. London, Faber, 1963. Pp. 310. Maps. Bibliog. Index. 35s.

The Last Years of British India. By Michael Edwardes. London, Cassell, 1963. Pp. 250. Maps. Index. 25s.

Portrait of India. By Bradford Smith. London, Robert Hale, 1963. Pp. 189. Illus. Sketch map. Index and Glossary. 18s.

Tilak and Gokhale. Revolution and Reform in the Making of Modern India. By Stanley A. Wolpert. University of California Press, 1962; London, Cambridge University Press, 1963. Pp. xv + 370. Notes. Bibliog. Index. $7.50. 60s.

Battles of the Indian Mutiny. By Michael Edwardes. London, Batsford, 1963. Pp. 216. Illus. Maps. Index. 25s.

The Builders of the Mogul Empire. By Michael Prawdin. London, Allen and Unwin, 1963. Pp. 198. Maps. Illus. Bibliog. Index. 32s.

South‐West Asia The Yemen. Imams, Rulers and Revolutions. By Harold Ingrams. London, John Murray, 1963. Pp. xi +164. Sketch map. Illus. Index. 21s.

Egypt in Revolution: An Economic Analysis. By Charles Issawi. London, Oxford University Press for the Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1963. Pp. 357. Appendices. Tables. Index. 45s.

The Arabs and the World: Nasser's Arab Nationalist Policy. New York, Published for the Council on Foreign Relations by Frederick A. Praeger; London, Pall Mall Press, 1963. Pp. 338. Map. Bibliog. Index. $6.50. 42s.

Arab Rediscovery of Europe. A Study in Cultural Encounters. By Ibrahim Abu‐Lughod. Oriental Studies Series, No. 22. Princeton University Press: London, Oxford University Press, 1963. Pp. 188. Bibliog. Index. 38s.

The Arabs. By Arnold Hottinger. London, Thames and Hudson, 1963. Pp. 344. Maps. Illus. Index. 42s.

Palestine: Loss of a Heritage. By Sami Hadawi. Texas, The Naylor Co., 1963. Pp. 148. Map endpapers. Appendices. $4.95.

The Heritage of Persia. By Richard N. Frye. London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1962. Pp. xvii + 317. Illus. Maps. Appendices. Bibliog. Index. 50s.

South‐East Asia The Two Viet‐Nams—A Political and Military Analysis. By Bernard B. Fall. Praeger, New York and London, 1963. Pp. xii+493. Maps. Charts. Bibliog. Index. 50s.

From Colonialism to Communism: A Case History of North Vietnam. By Hoang Van Chi; introduction by P. J. Honey. London: Pall Mall Press, 1964. Pp. 252. Maps. Index.” 40s.

Primer for Revolt: The Communist Takeover in Viet‐nam. By Truong Chinh. Introduction by B. B. Fall. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1963. Pp. 211. $5. 35s.

Street Without Joy. Insurgency in Indo‐China, 1946–63. By Bernard B. Fall. London, Pall Mall Press, 1963. Pp. 379. Illus. Sketch maps. Index. 35s.

The New States of Asia. By Michael Brecher. London: Oxford University Press, 1963. Pp. xiv+215. Index. 30s.

The Republic of Korea. A Political and Economic Study. By W. D. Reeve. London, Oxford University Press for the Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1963. Pp. 197. Bibliog. Index. 30s.

The March on Delhi. By A. J. Barker. London, Faber, 1963. Pp. 302. Illus. Sketch maps. Bibliog. Index. 42s.

Far East Chinese Communist Literature. Edited by Cyril Birch. Praeger, London and New York, 1963. Pp. 254. 40s.

China Only Yesterday, 1850–1950. By Emily Hahn. London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson. Pp. 335. Map. Index. 36s.

A Dream of Tartary. The Origins and Misfortunes of Henry P'u Yi. London, Allen and Unwin, 1963. Pp. 292. Illus. Map endpapers. Index. 30s.

Biography Layard of Nineveh. By Gordon Waterfield. London, John Murray, 1963. Pp. x+533. Map. Illus. Index. 55s.

Travel The Journey's Echo. Selections from Freya Stark. Foreword by Lawrence Durrell. London, John Murray, 1963. Pp. 224. Illus. 21s.