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21.
G. PHILIP 《Bulletin of Latin American research》1999,18(3):361-376
Abstract — There has been a considerable literature on the role of institutions in economic performance in general, in Latin America as a whole, and in Venezuela in particular. Venezuelan state institutions have been seen as highly patrimonialist and poorly performing, despite the advantages of long-standing democracy and large-scale resource wealth. This discussion calls attention to the highly significant 'special case' of the oil sector where the state company, PdVSA, has been bureaucratically autonomous and relatively efficient. Such a situation creates rather unusual policy-making problems given the fact that the economy is structured around oil income, in many respects to its disadvantage. There has been a considerable literature on economic policy reform in Venezuela which has hardly mentioned the oil sector at all. This article discusses the oil industry under Presidents Perez (1989–93) and Caldera (since 1994) to rectify the balance and to use insights derived from the study of the oil sector to offer some fresh perspectives on Venezuelan political history since 1989. 相似文献
22.
As the Chilean government seeks to reduce poverty and inequality through cash transfers to poor households, local governments are responsible for both identifying the poor and allocating transfers. Until recently, however, evaluating the effectiveness of local governments in enacting these policies has been restricted by data limitations. This paper builds on recent evidence that cash transfers have highly variable impacts on poverty and inequality at the county level. In particular, we explore how local public finance and the strength of the governing mandate influence the efficiency of cash transfers. With a richly specified model, we find that public spending on goods and services, the fraction of available subsidies claimed by the local government, and the share of county land that is zoned for industrial purposes are all correlated with considerable reductions in poverty and inequality. In addition, the strength of the governing mandate weakly influences the efficiency of transfers in reducing poverty, but not inequality. These results demonstrate that a better understanding of such institutions can lead to more efficient targeting for social programs. 相似文献
23.
PHILIP JONES 《北京周报(英文版)》2010,53(5):48
Last summer, I decided my impending move to Beijing should coincide with a shift in emphasis to health.Gone would be the 相似文献
24.
In the aftermath of the terrorist attacks on New York City and Washington, D.C. on September 11, 2001, U.S. government and military leaders often articulated distinctly pro-American themes in their public communications. We argue that this national identity discourse was at the heart of the U.S. government's attempt to unite the American public and to mobilize support for the ensuing "war on terrorism." With this perspective, we content analyzed Time and Newsweek newsmagazines for the five weeks following September 11 to identify potential communication strategies employed by government and military leaders to promote a sense of U.S. national identity. Findings suggest (a) that government and military officials consistently emphasized American core values and themes of U.S. strength and power while simultaneously demonizing the "enemy," and (b) that journalists closely paralleled these nationalist themes in their language. 相似文献
25.
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This article contributes to the debate about the most effective ways to manage the effects of financial stringency in the public sector. It tentatively draws ideas for further research from three action research studies conducted longitudinally over several years in different contexts and sectors and at different organization levels within the public sector. Our contribution focuses on the management of the early stages of stringency. We conclude that in stringent times, particularly in the short-term, intra-organizational conflict is likely to increase; organizational climates to become more cautious and reactive; and management to become more centralized, controlling and to take what is termed the efficiency rather than the effectiveness option. To these factors is added the resistance to change inherent in professional bureaucracies. Managers in public sector organizations experiencing harsher environments need to be helped to plan strategically for implementation in the particular context in which they find themselves. 相似文献
27.
PHILIP GIDDIES 《Public administration》1993,71(3):377-394
The Government's Citizen's and Patient's Charters see the Health Service Commissioner scheme playing an important part in securing effective remedies for complaints about administration in the NHS. The scheme is assessed against the background of the fragmented nature of the NHS complaints systems. Because of jurisdictional limitations the Commissioner can only deal with a small proportion of NHS complaints. An analysis of HSC cases between 1986 and 1991 shows that it is those about complaint-handling itself which have been most frequently upheld. The most frequent remedy achieved is an HSC-delivered apology, which is not always found satisfactory, but the HSC places equal emphasis on providing a 'quality audit' and feedback mechanism for health authorities. If the HSC is to play the role implied by the charters, it will be necessary to consider removing the limitations on his jurisdiction which exclude clinical Judgement and the work of family practitioners. 相似文献
28.
PHILIP JONES 《北京周报(英文版)》2010,53(25):48
My afternoon plans to go dragon boat racing on Houhai Lake in downtown Beijing could have started better.Cycling across town, 相似文献
29.
PHILIP JONES 《北京周报(英文版)》2010,53(30):48
For some,simply running 21 km, or a full marathon at 42 km, isn’t enough of an achievement. I mean, you can run amarathon in almost every major city in 相似文献
30.