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991.
Historical and recent challenges to the practice of comparative forensic examination have created a driving force for the formation of objective methods for toolmark identification. In this study , fifty sequentially manufactured chisels were used to create impression toolmarks in lead (500 toolmarks total). An algorithm previously used to statistically separate known matching and nonmatching striated screwdriver marks and quasi-striated plier marks was used to evaluate the chisel marks. Impression toolmarks, a more complex form of toolmark, pose a more difficult test for the algorithm that was originally designed for striated toolmarks. Results show in this instance that the algorithm can separate matching and nonmatching impression marks, providing further validation of the assumption that toolmarks are identifiably unique. 相似文献
992.
Björn Bäckström M.D. Bengt Johansson M.D. Ph.D. Anders Eriksson M.D. Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2015,60(6):1662-1665
Nitrous oxide is an inflammable gas that gives no smell or taste. It has a history of abuse as long as its clinical use, and deaths, although rare, have been reported. We describe two cases of accidental deaths related to voluntary inhalation of nitrous oxide, both found dead with a gas mask covering the face. In an attempt to find an explanation to why the victims did not react properly to oncoming hypoxia, we performed experiments where a test person was allowed to breath in a closed system, with or without nitrous oxide added. Vital signs and gas concentrations as well as subjective symptoms were recorded. The experiments indicated that the explanation to the fact that neither of the descendents had reacted to oncoming hypoxia and hypercapnia was due to the inhalation of nitrous oxide. This study raises the question whether nitrous oxide really should be easily, commercially available. 相似文献
993.
Huipin Wang M.D. Yan Liu M.D. Jian Zhao B.D. Sunlin Hu Ph.D. Yuzhong Wang M.D. Chao Liu Ph.D. Yanji Zhang B.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2015,60(Z1):S227-S230
Presence of diatoms in tissues has been considered as a significant sign of drowning. However, there are limitations in the present extraction methods. We developed a new digestion method using the Lefort aqua regia solution (3:1 nitric acid to hydrochloric acid) for diatom extraction and evaluated the digestive capability, diatom destruction, and diatoms' recovery of this new method. The kidney tissues from rabbit mixed with water rich in diatoms were treated by the Lefort aqua regia digestion method (n = 10) and the conventional acid digestion method (n = 10). The results showed that the digestive capability of Lefort aqua regia digestion method was superior to conventional acid digestion method (p < 0.01); the structure of diatom remained almost intact; and the recovery of diatom was comparable to the conventional acid digestion method (p > 0.05). The Lefort aqua regia reagent is an improvement over the conventional acid digestion for recovery of diatoms from tissue samples. 相似文献
994.
Federica Collini M.D. Alberto Amadasi M.D. Alessandra Mazzucchi B.Sc. Davide Porta B.Sc. Valeria Luisa Regazzola B.Sc. Paola Garofalo B.Sc. Annalisa Di Blasio M.D. Cristina Cattaneo Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2015,60(5):1290-1294
This study analyses depressed fractures (by blunt force trauma) and circular full‐thickness injuries (drill injuries and gunshot wounds) in charred bones. Fifty bovine ribs (total 104 lesions) were divided into three groups. The first group consisted in 20 depressed hammer‐produced fractures; in the second one, 60 round drill‐holes were produced (30 circular, 30 semicircular); in the third group, 12 fleshed and 12 skeletonized ribs were hit by 9‐mm bullets. Each specimen was carbonized in an electric oven up to 800°C. Morphological and metric analyses were performed before and after: morphological features were preserved, but depressed fractures showed an increase in their dimensions (p‐value < 0.05); the drilled holes shrunk (p‐value < 0.01); the charring cycle increased the number of fractures in samples with gunshot wounds differently in fleshed and defleshed ribs. This study showed the complex behavior of charred bone, for what concerns the interpretation of trauma and how caution should be applied. 相似文献
995.
Ancestry and BMI Influences on Facial Soft Tissue Depths for A Cohort of Chinese and Caucasoid Women in Dunedin,New Zealand 下载免费PDF全文
Louisa J. Baillie B.H.Sc. B.F.A. Seyed Ali Mirijali M.S. Ph.D. Brian E. Niven B.Sc. M.Sc. Phil Blyth B.H.B. M.B.Ch.B. Ph.D. George J. Dias B.B.S. M.S. Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2015,60(5):1146-1154
This study measured and assessed facial soft tissue depths (FSTDs) in adult female Chinese and New Zealand (NZ) Europeans (Caucasoids). Ultrasound was used to obtain depths at nine landmarks on 108 healthy subjects (51 Chinese, 57 NZ European), erect positioned, of same age group (18–29 years). Height and weight were also recorded. Statistical analysis focused on comparison of tissue depth between the two ancestry groups and the influence of Body Mass Index (BMI) (kg/m2). Results showed mean depth differences at Supra M2 and Infra M2 landmarks significantly greater for Chinese than Caucasoid women for all three BMI Classes (BMI <20, 20 ≤ BMI < 25, 25 ≤ BMI < 30), even BMI <20. For both groups BMI positively correlated with FSTD values at all landmarks except Labrale superius. This study enabled ancestry and BMI influence on FSTDs to be observed and compared for two distinct groups. Results add to knowledge about facial tissue depth variation. 相似文献
996.
Inge Morild M.D. Ph.D. Stian S. Hamre Ph.D. Rene Huel B.Sc. Thomas J. Parsons Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2015,60(4):1104-1110
This article presents the multidisciplinary effort in trying to identify the skeletal remains of 100 Norwegian soldiers serving in the German army, killed in Karelia Russia in 1944, from the recovery of the remains through the final identification using DNA. Of the 150 bone samples sent for DNA testing, 93 DNA profiles were obtained relating to 57 unique individuals. The relatives could not be directly contacted as the soldiers were considered as traitors to Norway; therefore, only 45 reference samples, relating to 42 cases of the missing, were donated. DNA matches for 14 soldiers and 12 additional body part re‐associations for these individuals were found. Another 24 bone samples were re‐associated with 16 individuals, but no familial match was found. More than six decades after the end of WWII, DNA analysis can significantly contribute to the identification of the remains. 相似文献
997.
Investigating the Potential of Fluorescent Fingerprint Powders as a Marker for Blow Fly Larvae (Diptera: Calliphoridae) 下载免费PDF全文
Jennifer Y. Rosati Ph.D. Scott D. Robinson B.Sc. Richard Devine 《Journal of forensic sciences》2015,60(3):653-658
Four fluorescent fingerprint powders (RedWop?, GreenWop?, Basic Yellow?, and Yellow Powder?) were evaluated as a marker for blow fly larvae. Administration methods included ingestion (high vs. low concentration) or topical. Ingestion of high concentrations of Basic Yellow? and RedWop? caused higher larval mortality. Basic Yellow? delayed development and adult emergence while RedWop? and Yellow Powder? had a significant effect on particular stages of development, however, emergence time was not altered. Optimal administration is through ingestion at low concentration levels (<10%) or topically, with GreenWop? demonstrating minimal adverse effects. Optimum wavelength for discrimination between powders was 450 nm. This research can aid in investigative training to increase visibility of larval and pupal blow flies. It can also be used in entomological studies to differentiate between larval blow flies (or other dipteran) species or individuals to further understand complex interactions and behavior during larval development. 相似文献
998.
Academic policy and entrepreneurship: a European perspective 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
David B. Audretsch Erik E. Lehmann Stefano Paleari 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》2015,40(3):363-368
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