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991.
The efficacy of sex offender residence restriction laws in enhancing public safety is controversial and further complicated
by evidence that adverse collateral effects may negate or even outweigh whatever benefits they achieve. Based on the theory
of “distance decay” that postulates that offenders are more likely to recidivate closer to home, the statutes seek to distance
offenders from potential child victims. However, to the extent that such statutes preclude residence in large portions of
covered jurisdictions, it has been argued that they contribute to social instability, relegation of offenders to rural or
undesirable locations, and even homelessness. A small number of studies have demonstrated the impact of restrictions on residential
availability and compliance with the laws, but methodologic issues make it difficult to compare findings. This study uses
parcel geocoding, a computerized mapping method, to examine the impact of the sex offender residency restrictions enacted
in Erie and Schenectady Counties, NY. Identification and mapping of restricted locations revealed that in nonurban areas,
available residential locations were drastically reduced by the restrictions (89.46% and 73.16% restricted in the two counties)
and in urban areas almost completely eliminated (95.45% and 97.21%). Unexpectedly, however, when the registered sex offenders
in each county were matched to their addresses in the state database, analysis revealed that residence restrictions had no
demonstrable effect on where offenders live. More than 85% of offenders in each of the counties were found living in the urban
centers, the vast majority of whom (91.89% and 100%) were matched to addresses in restricted locations. These findings may
have important policy and procedural implications in the creation and enforcement of sex offender statutes, as well as in
the evaluation of those presently in place. 相似文献
992.
Netherlands International Law Review - 相似文献
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Revolution Blues: The Reconstruction of Health and Safety Law as ‘Common‐sense’ Regulation
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Paul Almond 《Journal of law and society》2015,42(2):202-229
This article reviews the last five years of coalition government policy making in relation to occupational health and safety law. It shows that the most significant and influential element of this activity has been the reframing of the wider regulatory system according to a dominant ideological paradigm of ‘common‐sense’ regulation, to the detriment of other considerations and interests. A social constructionist framework assists in setting out the means through which this new ‘symbolic universe’ of regulatory possibility has been constructed and promulgated within the policymaking arena. In particular, it identifies the key role played by processes of deliberative regulatory engagement in the construction and development of this approach, and identifies the inherent vulnerability of ‘thin’ forms of deliberation to this sort of application. 相似文献
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Paul V. Greenall Michelle Wright 《The journal of forensic psychiatry & psychology》2015,26(2):242-259
Although sexual homicide is receiving increasing research attention, few studies have examined the criminal histories of sexual killers in any detail. This study examined the criminal histories of 81 British stranger sexual killers to determine whether they were generalist, specialists or both and whether their criminal histories reflected violent, sexual, marginality and over control pathways. Results found most stranger sexual killers were generalist offenders and sexual homicide was part of a varied criminal repertoire and non-sexual crimes predominate. This ‘antisocial orientation’ means future offending may not be limited to sexual violence. Criminal histories reflected the violent, sexual, marginality and over control pathways, but offenders in the violent pathway were more criminally orientated. The clinical and investigative implications of these findings were considered as they suggest knowledge of the criminal histories of stranger sexual killers is an important consideration for criminal justice professionals. 相似文献
999.
Paul Stewart 《Labor History》2016,57(2):170-192
Labor time, as a dimension of South African mining labor history, has been ignored, both conceptually and historically. This article remedies this yawning gap by presenting primary and secondary evidence which demonstrates the centrality of labor time in South African gold mines since the discovery of gold in 1886. To this end, labor time is traced in two ways. Part I tracks industrial working time by tracing the length of the working day and week. Part II tracks the ever-increasing length of the African migrant labor contract. While industrial working hours remain remarkably stable for almost a century, the migrant labor contract systematically increases over a similar period. These two measures of labor time eventually coincide when the migrant labor system dissolves and black African workers take annual leave together with their compatriots across the racial divide. The explanation for the mining industry’s long struggle to both maintain relatively long working hours and increasingly maximize the length of the migrant labor contract is construed as completing the received wisdom of Harold Wolpe's much celebrated and criticized `cheap- labor' thesis. (Wolpe, “Capitalism and Cheap Labor Power.”) 相似文献
1000.