全文获取类型
收费全文 | 875篇 |
免费 | 22篇 |
专业分类
各国政治 | 70篇 |
工人农民 | 29篇 |
世界政治 | 80篇 |
外交国际关系 | 60篇 |
法律 | 356篇 |
中国政治 | 9篇 |
政治理论 | 288篇 |
综合类 | 5篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 5篇 |
2022年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 4篇 |
2020年 | 6篇 |
2019年 | 24篇 |
2018年 | 21篇 |
2017年 | 25篇 |
2016年 | 28篇 |
2015年 | 16篇 |
2014年 | 20篇 |
2013年 | 173篇 |
2012年 | 21篇 |
2011年 | 22篇 |
2010年 | 23篇 |
2009年 | 25篇 |
2008年 | 33篇 |
2007年 | 18篇 |
2006年 | 28篇 |
2005年 | 26篇 |
2004年 | 32篇 |
2003年 | 30篇 |
2002年 | 22篇 |
2001年 | 24篇 |
2000年 | 17篇 |
1999年 | 16篇 |
1998年 | 17篇 |
1997年 | 16篇 |
1996年 | 13篇 |
1995年 | 15篇 |
1994年 | 13篇 |
1993年 | 18篇 |
1992年 | 11篇 |
1991年 | 10篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 13篇 |
1988年 | 12篇 |
1987年 | 11篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
1969年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有897条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
881.
Abstract Political leadership at the local level has attracted growing attention in recent years in parallel with reforms of local government and of the municipal administration, as well as the debate on a shift from government to governance. Considering the power triangle of (i) the mayor, (ii) the municipal administration (executive officers) and (iii) the council, it is surprising that the latter has gained little interest so far. This article analyses how the roles of local councils as representative bodies are assessed by mayors from seventeen European countries and how differences in the perception of councils can be explained. Can differences be explained by institutional settings, the notion of the mayor towards the role of political parties or by the kind of interaction between the mayor and the council – or are specific local conditions and idiosyncratic personal factors crucial? 相似文献
882.
883.
884.
Philip Leech 《Democratization》2013,20(6):1011-1029
The Palestinian Authority's (PA) claim to embody the spirit of the “Arab Spring”, through its recent “state-building” agenda – including its elevation to “non-member observer status” at the United Nations – is disingenuous. This conclusion rests on three key arguments outlined in this article. First, this article identifies a continuation of broader patterns of authoritarianism represented by the PA's lack of adherence to democratic practices, the deprivation of access for the Palestinian population to basic resources and the wider issue of the continued absence of Palestinian sovereignty. Second, it identifies the intensification of some authoritarian practices within Palestine, particularly in the areas of security and policing, for example by the use of force against protestors. Finally, this article identifies that civil-society groups and opposition supporters throughout 2011–2012 have more genuinely embodied evidence of resistance to authoritarianism in popular demonstrations against the PA. 相似文献
885.
886.
Daniel Boduszek Gary Adamson Mark Shevlin John Mallett Philip Hyland 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2013,28(1):15-25
The aim of this paper is to focus on the factors that can significantly contribute to the presence of criminal social identity within a sample of recidivistic prisoners (N?=?312) using structural equation modelling. Six latent variables were identified: criminal associations with close friends, positive self-esteem, negative self-esteem, cognitive centrality, in-group affect, and in-group ties. Results suggest that criminal social identity is characterized by various internal and external factors including the direct effects of associations with criminal friends, which is influenced by insufficient or absent parental supervision at an early stage of development. It was also found that early peer rejection is not a sufficient predictor of associations with criminal friends and the criminal social identity. This study also provides further support for Social Identity Theory with regards to the role of self-esteem in the development of criminal social identification. 相似文献
887.
Examining one unsuccessful private members’ bill (PMB) ‐ Kevin McNamara's Wild Mammals (Protection) Bill which would have prohibited hunting ‐ this case study examines many of the non‐legislative functions of the British Parliament. Even unsuccessful PMBs ‐ and this was a PMB whose failure was preordained ‐ have many consequences for both parliament and the wider political system of which it is an integral part. PMBs can perform an important ‘exit’ function, taking the decision away from a reluctant executive. They can help to set the agenda of political debate, generating publicity for parliament (as a body), the issue itself and the member promoting the bill. They generate correspondence between represented and representatives, helping to inform and educate. They can be used as a party‐political weapon and may have electoral consequences. They may also affect the legitimacy of the political system. PMBs are far from parliamentary white elephants. 相似文献
888.
The Policy Power of the Westminster Parliament: The “Parliamentary State” and the Empirical Evidence 下载免费PDF全文
Drawing on several large research projects, and using both quantitative and qualitative evidence, this article assesses the policy influence of the Westminster parliament. Frequently dismissed as powerless in both academic and more popular accounts, we instead show evidence of an institution with significant policy influence, at successive stages of the policy process. Conventional accounts have focused too much on the decision‐making stage, to the exclusion of parliament's role at earlier and later policy stages. Critics have also focused disproportionately on visible influence, overlooking behind‐the‐scenes negotiations and the role of anticipated reactions. Based on analysis of over 6,000 parliamentary votes, 4,000 legislative amendments, 1,000 committee recommendations, and 500 interviews, we conclude that Westminster's influence is both substantial and probably rising. 相似文献
889.
Suely K. S. S. Porto M.S. Thiago Nogueira Ph.D. Lucas Blanes Ph.D. Philip Doble Ph.D. Bruno D. Sabino Ph.D. Claudimir L. do Lago Ph.D. Lúcio Angnes Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2014,59(6):1622-1626
A method for the identification of 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and meta‐chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) was developed employing capillary electrophoresis (CE) with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D). Sample extraction, separation, and detection of “Ecstasy” tablets were performed in <10 min without sample derivatization. The separation electrolyte was 20 mm TAPS/Lithium, pH 8.7. Average minimal detectable amounts for MDMA and mCPP were 0.04 mg/tablet, several orders of magnitude lower than the minimum amount encountered in a tablet. Seven different Ecstasy tablets seized in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were analyzed by CE‐C4D and compared against routine gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). The CE method demonstrated sufficient selectivity to discriminate the two target drugs, MDMA and mCPP, from the other drugs present in seizures, namely amphepramone, fenproporex, caffeine, lidocaine, and cocaine. Separation was performed in <90 sec. The advantages of using C4D instead of traditional CE‐UV methods for in‐field analysis are also discussed. 相似文献
890.
This paper considers how the UK Regulator, in collaboration with stakeholders, is attempting to create a new market opportunity for advanced networked services using interleaved Digital Terrestrial Television (DTTV) Whitespace, that is, valuable spectrum released and reorganised post the digital switchover. It discusses inter alia a key issue, which is how the Regulator will balance the technical requirements needed to create a commercially viable network, against his competing obligation under the Communications Act 2003 to maintain order and avoid interference to DTTV and Programme Making & Special Event (PMSE) users. Particular consideration is given to the outcome of field trials and areas of forward risk for the Regulator. 相似文献