策略人和策略决策模型:草原管理的智能体模拟分析

传统决策理论忽视了对人的策略性行为和策略决策的考察。本文通过对草原管理的智能体模拟分析,发展了策略人和策略决策新模型,并重点研究了策略人的四种典型策略决策:策略性投票、掩盖性、交易性和学习性策略决策。智能体模拟分析发现,在特定条件下,策略人的策略决策深刻影响个体的具体行动,并进而影响个体的行动结果(例,草原的可持续发展)。进而探讨了通过政策或制度安排来利用策略人的策略决策谋取预期政策或制度收益的可能性和其现实响应,并与策略人的四种典型策略决策相对应,依次讨论了策略约束性、保护性、诱导性以及学习性四种政策或制度安排。     

我国古代廉政措施概览

廉政建设不仅是我国当今法制工作的重点 ,而且也一直是中国古代专制王朝关注的焦点。从奴隶社会到封建社会 ,大多数统治者特别是开国立业之君无不重视整顿吏治 ,倡导廉洁 ,以维护剥削阶级政权的长治久安。本文以中国古代朝政更迭为顺序 ,概述了我国古代的具有典型意义的一些廉政措施的概况。     

我国公务员道德建设现状调查

公务员应当是道德的先行者,其德行操守对整个社会的精神文明建设起到至关重要的作用。本调查分析了我国公务员道德建设的现状,并提出了相关建议。建议包括:创新道德知识开发方法,加大政府信息公开力度,将平衡记分卡引入道德评价体系等。     

高绩效政府的创建与公信力问题

高绩效政府是政府形象建设的一个重要方面,而良好的政府形象无疑是提升政府公信力的法宝。从这个意义上来看,政府公信力的提升有赖于高绩效政府的创建。高绩效政府是一个公众满意度高的政府、是一个有限而强大的政府、是一个服务型政府。高绩效政府的创建需要政府百折不挠的努力,有赖于政府对信誉的重视,需要重视领导艺术,是一个共同参与的过程。     

唐宋时期政府商业政策的变化

唐宋处于中国封建文明史的转型时期,包括封建经济在内的社会生活的各个方面都发生了前所未有的深刻变化.与繁荣兴旺的商品经济相适应,唐宋政府的商业政策亦随之进行了调整.概而言之,主要是由专卖榷利制度向注重征商转变,商税逐渐制度化、规范化,扶商政策出现并付诸实施.     

城中村社会保障机制构建的路径选择——基于制度关联视角的分析

城乡统筹背景下的城中村社会保障是城市化进程中值得关注的问题,制度间的失衡与悖论是城中村社会保障机制的构建和社会关系的有序与和谐的制度性障碍。本文通过制度关联这一理论工具,在总结目前城中村社会保障机制类型的基础上,认为整体联动的、渐进式的、强致性和诱致性相结合的路径符合我国建立城中村社会保障的实际,为失地农民社会保障提供政策向导。     

新战略 新方式 新发展——对以实施新战略为牵动加快转变哈尔滨市经济社会发展方式的认识与思考

市委党校公务员处长任职培训班的全体学员,在校期间,认真学习党的十七届五中全会精神,结合哈尔滨市新战略的实施,对加快转变哈尔滨市经济发展方式进行了深入思考和研讨,并写出了一篇很有份量的论文,得到了市委领导的重视。省委常委、哈尔滨市委书记盖如垠同志,2010年10月29日在学员的论文上作了如下批示：＂学习很有成果,下步要把学习成果变为实践动力,为哈尔滨人民多做贡献。＂哈尔滨市委副书记、市委党校校长王颖同志对此文作了批示：＂这篇文章写得有份量。不仅对哈市新战略认识理解很到位,对躬身实践进程中的体会和收获有深度,而且对围绕加快实施新战略所提建议和意见也很对路子,很有见地。充分反映新的发展战略在干部群众中深得人心,深为干部群众所接受、所认可,也看出党校这期新任处长培训班很必要,很有成效。＂盖书记、王书记的批示,不但是对学员认真学习、深入思考的肯定,也是对我校通过结合实际、有针对性地开展教学工作、直接服务于哈尔滨发展的认可,现将该文章发表于此,以资参考。     

云南省11个民族腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)频率的分布调查

采用电泳技术对云南省汉、彝、自、傣、哈尼、瑶、布朗、基诺、拉祜、佤及苦聪等11个民族的ADA 进行了表型分布调查。并对-20℃、4℃、室温(20℃左右)保存的血痕ADA 活性进行了测定。在汉族人群中发现了一例ADA4-1稀有型,家系调查表明其是由父亲遗传下来的。     

Medical devices: reclassification and codification of the absorbable polydioxanone surgical suture. Final rule

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is announcing that it has issued an order in the form of a letter to Ethicon, Inc., reclassifying the absorbable polydioxanone surgical (PDS) suture intended for use in soft tissue approximation, including use in pediatric cardiovascular tissue where growth is expected to occur and ophthalmic surgery, from class III (premarket approval) to class II (special controls). Elsewhere in this issue of the Federal Register, FDA is announcing the availability of the guidance document entitled "Class II Special Controls Guidance Document: Surgical Sutures; Guidance for Industry and FDA," which is immediately in effect as the special control for the PDS suture, but remains subject to public comment and possible future revision under the agency's good guidance practices. The agency is reclassifying this device into class II because new information supplied by the petitioner indicates that special controls, in addition to general controls, will provide reasonable assurance of the safety and effectiveness of the device, and there is sufficient information to establish special controls. Accordingly, the order is being codified in the Code of Federal Regulations. Any firm submitting a premarket notification (510(k)) for a new PDS suture will need to address the issues covered in the special control guidance. However, the firm need only show that its device meets the recommendations of the guidance or in some other way provides equivalent assurances of safety and effectiveness.     

New drug and biological drug products; evidence needed to demonstrate effectiveness of new drugs when human efficacy studies are not ethical or feasible. Final rule

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is amending its new drug and biological product regulations to allow appropriate studies in animals in certain cases to provide substantial evidence of the effectiveness of new drug and biological products used to reduce or prevent the toxicity of chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear substances. This rule will apply when adequate and well-controlled clinical studies in humans cannot be ethically conducted and field efficacy studies are not feasible. In these situations, certain new drug and biological products that are intended to reduce or prevent serious or life-threatening conditions may be approved for marketing based on evidence of effectiveness derived from appropriate studies in animals and any additional supporting data.