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POPULATIONS: This study reports the genetic polymorphism observed at 15 short tandem repeat loci D3S1358, TH01, D21S11, D18S51, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820, D16S539, CSF1PO, vWA, D8S1179, TPOX, D2S1338, D19S433, and FGA in four aboriginal populations of Bengal. The analysis was performed to decipher the suitability of CODIS as well as six other highly polymorphic and unlinked markers in Forensic Testing. Studied populations include four tribes: Karmali, Kora, Maheli, and Lodha. 相似文献
24.
The population of the Asian elephant is being dramatically reduced due to poaching of the ivory from the male. As poaching occurs in remote forests, it often takes weeks or longer for it to be discovered and it is therefore often very difficult to determine the sex of the decomposed body. Data suggest that in the recent past, over 2000 male elephants have been poached in South India. We have developed a technique based on molecular markers to determine that the carcass is an elephant and that it is a male. Using DNA sequence information from Genbank, we have developed two primer pairs: one for the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the other for the sex-determining region of Y chromosome (SRY) gene of the Indian elephant. After PCR amplification of known elephant DNA, we found that the mtDNA was common in both males and females, whereas the SRY-specific amplicon was observed only in the male. 相似文献
25.
Thangaraj K Chaubey G Reddy AG Singh VK Singh L 《Forensic science international》2007,169(2-3):247-251
We have analyzed nine autosomal STR loci (D3S1358, vWA, FGA, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, D5S818, D13S317, and D7S820) in 97 samples of enigmatic Andaman islanders including: 15 Great Andamanese, 46 Onge and 36 Nicobarese. Data was compared with the available data on Indian and South East Asian populations. Heterozygosity (H), power of discrimination (PD), probability exclusion (PE), typical paternity index (TPI), polymorphism information content (PIC), AMOVA and Arlequin analysis were carried out. Average heterozygosity observed was high and almost equal in all the populations. Similarly, PD, PE, TPI and PIC have been almost equal in all the populations. 相似文献
26.
Cadenas AM Regueiro M Gayden T Singh N Zhivotovsky LA Underhill PA Herrera RJ 《Forensic science international》2007,166(2-3):155-163
Several commercial PCR multiplex kits incorporate the amelogenin locus for the purpose of human gender identification. Consequently, erroneous results in the electropherogram profile of this locus can carry important forensic implications. In this study, dropout of the amelogenin Y allele was detected in 5 out of 77 phenotypically normal Kathmandu males using the AmpFlSTR Identifiler kit. A battery of male-specific markers including SNPs, STRs, STSs, and a minisatellite were amplified for the five amelogenin null samples in order to delineate the breakpoints of the deletions as well as assess the overall integrity of the Y-chromosome. This study represents the first to examine the haplogroup affiliation of the AMGY deletions. The analyses performed suggest a single origin for the five deletions as indicated by their allocation to a specific Y-haplogroup (J2b2-M241), related Y-STR haplotypes and identical regional localization of breakpoints. The age estimated from the microsatellite variation for the amelogenin deletions (if they are associated by descent) is approximately 6.5+/-3.3 ky, younger than the previously reported related age of the M241 haplogroup representatives (13-14 ky). Our data in combination with previous publications suggest a concentration of afflicted individuals in the Indian subcontinent, possibly as a result of common ancestry. The elevated incidence of the amelogenin dropout in these populations accentuates the need to utilize other loci for gender determination in order to obtain an accurate set of inclusion criteria in forensic casework. 相似文献
27.
Saini V Srivastava R Rai RK Shamal SN Singh TB Tripathi SK 《Journal of forensic sciences》2012,57(2):434-439
Determination of sex from fragmentary crania is a critical problem in forensic anthropology. Osteometric analysis of mastoid can serve forensic anthropologists better in sex identification by virtue of the noticeable dimorphic characteristics. The present study aims to develop population-specific, sex-differentiating anthropometric standards for the mastoid process of North Indian skulls. Eight parameters of the mastoid region were measured on 138 adult crania (M/F 104:34, 22-65 years) and analyzed using SPSS 16.0. All parameters showed significant sexual dimorphism (p < 0.000). In stepwise analysis, asterion-mastoidale and mastoid breadth have provided an accuracy of 87%. Receiver operating characteristic curves were obtained for each variable to observe their overall performance in sex determination. Posterior end of incisura mastoidea-depression of suprameatal triangle was found to be the best variable with maximum area under curve and highest predictive accuracy (82.6%). 相似文献
28.
Rational choice perspectives maintain that seemingly irrational behavior on the part of terrorist organizations may nevertheless
reflect strategic planning. In this paper we examine spatial and temporal patterns of terrorist attacks by the Spanish group
ETA between 1970 and 2007. Our analysis is guided by a public announcement by ETA in 1978 that the group would shift from
emphasizing attacks in the Basque territory to instead launch attacks more widely in the hopes of exhausting the Spanish government
and forcing it to abandon the Basque territory. This announcement suggests that prior to the end of 1978 ETA attacks were
based mostly on controlling territory in the Basque region that they hoped to rule; and after 1978 the organization decided
to instead undertake a prolonged war of attrition. Accordingly, we argue that before the end of 1978 ETA was mostly perpetrating
control attacks (attacking only within the Basque territories) and that the diffusion of attacks between provinces was mostly
contagious (spreading contiguously). After the 1978 proclamation, we argue that the attack strategy shifted toward attrition
(attacking in areas outside of the Basque territories) and that the attacks were more likely to diffuse hierarchically (spreading
to more distant locations). As predicted, we find that after ETA moved toward a more attrition based attack strategy, subsequent
attacks were significantly more likely to occur outside the Basque region and to target non-adjacent regions (consistent with
hierarchical diffusion). We also find that hierarchical diffusion was more common when a longer time elapsed between attacks
(a likely consequence of the fact that more distant attacks require more resources and planning) and that attacks against
Madrid were unlikely to be followed immediately by more attacks on Madrid or surrounding provinces. After ETA announced a
shift in policy, they maintained a highly dispersed attack strategy even during their period of decline. Using information
about where and when prior attacks occurred could provide useful information for policy makers countering groups like ETA. 相似文献
29.
Sharifah Mastura Syed Mohd Daud MS Chong Chin Heo PhD Mohd Yusmiaidil Putera Mohd Yusof PhD Lay See Khoo PhD Mansharan Kaur Chainchel Singh PhD Mohd Shah Mahmood MSC Muhammad Dzulfiqri Bin Muhammad Nasir MBA Hapizah Nawawi PhD 《Journal of forensic sciences》2024,69(2):542-553
Manual ground searches and cadaver dogs are traditional methods for locating remains, but they can be time- and resource-intensive, resulting in the decomposition of bodies and delay in victim identification. Therefore, thermal imaging has been proposed as a potentially useful tool for detecting remains based on their temperature. This study investigated the potential of a novel search technique of thermal drones to detect surface remains through the detection of maggot mass temperatures. Two trials were carried out at Selangor, Malaysia, each utilizing 12 healthy male Oryctolagus cuniculus European white rabbits and DJI Matrice 300 RTK drone China, equipped with a thermal camera; Zenmuse H20T to record the thermal imaging footage of the carcasses at various heights (15, 30, 60–100 m) for 14 days for each trial. Our results demonstrated that the larval masses and corresponding heat emissions were at their largest during the active decay stage; therefore, all the carcasses were observable in thermal images on day 5 and remained until day 7. Statistical analyses showed that (1) no statistically significant differences in thermal images between clothed and unclothed subjects (p > 0.05); (2) 15 m above ground level was proven to be the optimal height, as it showed the greatest contrast between the carcass heat signature and the background (p < 0.005). Our data suggested the potential window of detection of thermal signatures was detectable up to 7 days post-deposition. This could be an important guideline for the search and recovery teams for operational implementation in this tropical region. 相似文献
30.
Introduced over a decade ago and considered largely successful by irrigation professionals, Irrigation Management Transfer and Participatory Irrigation Management (IMT/PIM) policies were recently reviewed and seen to have resulted in more cases of “failure” than “success”. Primary research on two IMT/PIM projects in Nepal, which were among the few “successes” in the assessment supporting a “failed” PIM, shows how such policy-driven evaluations, when defining success, overlook incongruities between policies, institutions, and the evolving dynamics around class, caste, ethnicity, and gender. Without exploring the dynamics of practice, the process of “cultivating” success and/or failure in evaluations provides little insight on how irrigation management works on the ground. 相似文献