Reviews

Stephen F. Cohen, Bukharin and the Bolshevik Revolution. A Political Biography 1888–1938. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1973, and London: Wildwood House, 1974. xix + 495 pp. $15. £4.50.

Vladimir G. Treml, Dimitri M. Gallik, Barry L. Kostinsky and Kurt W. Kruger, The Structure of the Soviet Economy. Analysis and Reconstruction of the 1966 Input‐Output Table. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1972 and London: Pall Mall Press, 1973. xxiv + 661 pp. $32.50. £14.00.

Gur Ofer, The Service Sector in Soviet Economic Growth: A Comparative Study. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP, 1973. xi + 202 pp. $10.00. £5.00.

Morris Bornstein (ed.), Plan and Market: Economic Reform in Eastern Europe. New Haven and London: Yale UP, 1973. viii + 416 pp. $15.00. £6.50.

Jan Ake Dellenbrant, Reformists and Traditionalists: A Study of Soviet Discussions about Economic Reform, 1960–1965. Stockholm: Raben T. Sjogren, 1972. 166 pp.

Abraham Katz, The Politics of Economic Reform in the Soviet Union. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1972 and London: Pall Mall Press, 1973. viii + 230 pp. £6.25.

Rudolf Bi?ani?, Economic Policy in Socialist Yugoslavia. Cambridge: at the University Press, 1973. (Soviet and East European Studies Series.) viii + 254 PP‐ £4–80.

Michael Ellman, Planning Problems in the USSR. The Contribution of Mathematical Economics to their Solution 1960–1971. Cambridge: at the University Press, 1973. (University of Cambridge Department of Applied Economics, Monograph 24.) xx + 222 pp. £4.50. $14.95.

Gunnar L. Amundsen, Le Conseil d'Entraide Economique. Structures, réalisations, perspectives. Strasbourg: Université des Sciences Humaines, second printing 1972. 835 pp.

Ellen Mickiewicz (ed.), Handbook of Soviet Social Science Data. New York: The Free Press, and London: Collier Macmillan Publishers, 1973. xxvi + 225 pp. £7.50.

Gerhard Simon, Church, State and Opposition in the U.S.S.R. London: C. Hurst, 1974. x + 248 pp. £4.20.

Martin Dewhirst and Robert Farrell (eds.), The Soviet Censorship. Metuchen, New Jersey: The Scarecrow Press, 1973. vii + 170 pp. $7.50.

Paul Avrich (ed.), The Anarchists in the Russian Revolution. London: Thames & Hudson, 1973. 179 pp. £2.75 (cloth). £1.35 (paper).

Paul Hollander, Soviet and American Society. A Comparison. London : OUP, 1973. xx + 476 pp. £5.75.

Anita Dasbach‐Mallinckrodt, Wer macht die Aussenpolitik der DDR? Düsseldorf, Droste Verlag, 1972. 364 pp.

J. G. Garrard (ed.), The Eighteenth Century in Russia. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1973. xiii + 356 pp. £6.50.     

ENERGY FLOW IN AUSTRALIA: MATCHING NEEDS AND SUPPLIES*

Abstract: Energy flow and transformation, being a fundamental driving force behind organization, should be subject to long term government policy. A pre-requisite for formulating energy policy is detailed knowledge of the dynamics and thermodynamics of energy supply and utilization. The lack of coherent policy in the past has led to the development of a society which is physically, institutionally and psychologically locked into an unsustainable liquid fuel consumption pattern requiring not only high but also growing consumption. An expression of this situation is the widespread assumption that coal and nuclear energy are the only significant realistic longer term options for the future, even though these would involve unproven technology and considerable environmental and social risks. The other long term option—the diffuse energy option based on widely distributed, renewable energy sources such as wind and the sun—is generally regarded as unrealistic. This is a social judgement determined more by the inertia of existing institutions and perceptions of our needs than by technical reality. It is possible however, that the measures which might be taken to deal with the crisis of oil depletion in the next couple of decades may swing community structure and attitude and bureaucratic organization into a conservation-minded pattern in which the long term option based on low, stable consumption, diffuse energy sources and decentralized conversion systems seems as realistic to policy makers as the other extreme—the centralized, nuclear-electric, growth society. This flexibility could only emerge, however, if energy research expenditure is diversified very soon.     

Gasoline exposure in motor vehicle accident fatalities

Three cases are described in which deaths after motor vehicle accidents occurred as a result of positional asphyxia associated with exposure to gasoline. The deceased individuals were aged 16, 34, and 35 years, respectively (M:F = 1:2) and had all been in the back seat of motor vehicles involved in rollover accidents that had resulted in spilling of gasoline with contamination of the cabins. Major components of gasoline were detected in blood and tissues by headspace gas chromatography. Postmortem toxicologic investigations of such cases, which include analyses for volatile hydrocarbons, may therefore produce additional significant information.