克服网络硬件环境约束 加强信息资源建设与共享——贵阳市委党校干部教育网络平台发展的基本经验

干部教育培训网络平台的建设,由于各地区的差异,不可能自上而下采取一刀切的模式,需要各地根据自身特点,探索一条特色之路。贵阳市委党校干部教育培训网络平台的建设的基本经验,就是在信息资源的建设与共享上下功夫。     

对克隆技术的伦理反思

克隆技术作为一种尖端高科技,虽然对许多行业和领域的发展具有重要的作用,但不容忽视的是它对人类社会的伦理道德产生强烈的冲击,尤其是"半克隆婴儿"技术的出现,更加深了对克隆技术和克隆人自身所面临的伦理问题的思考。我们应构建适应科技伦理的框架,正确引导克隆技术朝着有利于人类的方向发展,尽可能减少克隆技术产生的伦理负效应。     

仿真分析取证模型的形式化研究

计算机犯罪的多样性使得现有的静态取证和动态取证模型均已不能很好的满足计算机取证的要求,亟需建立一种新型态的取证模型。仿真分析取证模型运用“自顶向下”的形式化建模方法,结合虚拟机技术的最新发展成果,通过虚拟犯罪现场重建构建了一种并行的取证平台,为侦查实践和司法实务提供了有力的技术支撑。     

刑事被害人过错的认定

被害人过错是被害人在犯罪行为之前实施的、直接对犯罪行为的发生起促成作用,并且具有不正当性的行为,可以从主体、行为、时间、作用、性质五个特征进行把握。以被害人过错对犯罪行为所起的不同作用,可以将被害人过错区分为迫发型过错、激发型过错、引发型过错、同意型过错四种类型,从而指导刑事司法实践。     

Comparison Among Manual Facial Approximations Conducted by Two Methodological Approaches of Face Prediction

This study verified the difference between two methods of forensic facial approximation (FFA) regarding recognition and resemblance rates. Three‐dimensional models of skulls were obtained from computerized tomography (CT) scans of two subjects (targets). Two manual FFAs were performed for each target, by applying two different guidelines for the facial structures (what we called “American method” (AM) and “Combined method” (CM)). Unfamiliar assessors evaluated the sculptures by recognition and resemblance tests. The AM was that which allowed more correct responses of recognition and higher resemblance's scores for the male target (p < 0.001). Regarding guidelines for modeling characteristics of the face, the ones that are practical and easily performed for sculptures, such as the length of the anterior nasal spine multiplied by 3 for nose prediction, may offer better results in terms of resemblance.     

相对集中行政许可权:深化我国行政许可制度改革的方向

建构服务型行政许可制度是我国许可制度改革的目标。实践证明 ,“一楼式”和“一站式”行政许可模式均不能根本解决我国面临的许可服务质量问题。必须进行相对集中行政许可权的制度创新 ,整合行政许可职能、建立独立的行政许可执行机关并完善相关的配套制度 ,方能建立与社会主义市场经济体制和WTO规则相适应的行政许可制度     

Pesticide intoxications in the Centre of Portugal: three years analysis

Pesticides are used in most countries around the world to protect agricultural and horticultural crops against damage. Poisoning by these toxicant agents occurs as a result of misuse or accidental exposure, and also by oral ingestion (voluntary or not). In Portugal, pesticide intoxications are still a cause of death, found in a considerable number of cases. The authors retrospectively examined the cases of pesticide poisoning in the Centre of Portugal, from autopsies performed in the Forensic Pathology Service of Coimbra's Delegation of the National Institute of Legal Medicine (NILM) and from other autopsies carried out in the Centre of Portugal, as well as some samples taken in hospitals in cases of suspected intoxication. In this study, the positive cases have been especially studied, in order to identify the pesticide used, as well as the etiology. The frequency of intoxications and its distribution by sex and age were also analyzed. Between January 2000 and December 2002, the Forensic Toxicology Laboratory received 639 pesticide analysis requests. In 2000, in a total of 149 analysis requests, 30 cases were positive, 63.3% from male individuals and 36.7% from female. In 2001, the analysis requests increased to 240 as well as the positive cases (43), 74.4% from male individuals and 25.6% from female and in 2002, the total cases analyzed also increased to 250, with 38 positive (73.6% from male individuals and 26.4% from female). Among the pesticides, organophosphorus insecticides still constitute the most important class detected in forensic intoxications, representing 63% of the total positive cases, followed by herbicides, with 33% of the positive results. Quinalphos is the most important organophosphorus insecticide, present in 32 of the 111 positive cases, followed by the herbicide paraquat, detected in 31 cases. The study emphasizes the increasing number of pesticide analyses, particularly relevant for the organophosphorus compounds and herbicides. Intoxication suspicion, accidental or voluntary, seems to be the most common cause of the incidents, for which analyses are requested, but it is also evident that the putative cause is unknown in a large number of cases. Therefore, more stringent legislation and enforcement regarding the sale and distribution of these toxic substances are needed.