嗜尸性昆虫群落演替及其法医学应用研究进展

法医昆虫学是近年来法庭科学中发展较快的学科之一,而利用昆虫学证据来推断死亡时间或称死后经历时间(PMI)是其最主要的应用。当尸体PMI达一周以上,无法通过蝇蛆生长发育历期来推算时,仍可以借助嗜尸性昆虫群落演替规律来判断。嗜尸性昆虫群落演替规律与尸体腐败过程息息相关,法医昆虫学家通过对尸体腐败进行人为分期,能够辨别出不同的演替波次,从而达到推断PMI的目的。本文对嗜尸性昆虫群落演替研究与应用进行了综述,并分析了未来研究趋势,希望能为相关研究和实践应用提供参考。     

Voltammetric analysis of luminescent markers in gunshot residues

Currently, SEM-EDS is used to detect gunshot residue (GSR) from the presence of Ba, Pb, and Sb in the sample. However, the development of new nontoxic ammunition (NTA) has prevented conventional metals from being found. In this work, we aim to determine the presence of an inorganic luminescent chemical marker based on rare earth in gunshot residues using the technique of squarewave voltammetry (SWV). After firing, the luminescent complex [(Eu₂Zr)(btc)₃(Hbtc)_0.5.6H₂O], which is used as a chemical marker, can be detected under a UV lamp. An aqueous solution with 0.1 mol L⁻¹ KCl as supporting electrolyte can be easily collected on carbon paste electrode surfaces for SWV analysis A = 100 mV, f = 10 Hz, and step potential of 5 mV are required. The luminescent marker incorporated into the carbon paste electrode showed two anodic peak currents in the region of 0.4 V (vs Ag/AgCl) and at 0.75 V (vs Ag/AgCl) and also a cathodic one in 0.4 V (vs Ag/AgCl). SEM-EDS was able to analyze the same voltammetric results for conventional and nontoxic ammunition containing the luminescent marker. Therefore, voltammetry and SEM-EDS are valid for detecting the new residue marker in GSR. Despite this, the electrochemical method is still more advantageous because of its low cost and lack of expensive equipment and supplies in forensic laboratories.     

Judicial Work and Judges’ Motivation: The Perceptions of Brazilian State Judges

The professional ethos of judges has undergone many changes in Brazil in recent years, generating conflicts about the role of these professionals in society. This article examines how Brazilian judges deal with those conflicts. The objective is to identify how judges perceive their social role and, based on that, what motivates them in their work. A series of twenty‐five in‐depth interviews was carried out with Brazilian state judges working in all regions of the country in different judicial specialties. The findings indicate that the judges interviewed can be classified into four different profiles according to the predominant social role: (1) social activist; (2) service provider; (3) judicial restraint; and (4) defender of the status quo. Each profile corresponds to a specific individual and social motivation.     

Adaptation of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory among a Portuguese sample of incarcerated juvenile offenders

The aim of the present study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) and two of its short forms (NPI-16 and NPI-13) among a Portuguese sample of male incarcerated juvenile offenders (N?=?221). Of these, only the NPI-13 short version demonstrated a good fit in terms of its factor structure. The NPI-13 also showed promising psychometric properties in terms of its internal consistency, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and criterion-related validity. Statistically significant associations were found with age of crime onset, crime seriousness, conduct disorder symptoms, alcohol abuse, and cannabis use. These findings justify the use of the NPI-13, especially its Entitlement/Exploitativeness dimension, among incarcerated male youths.     

浅析现场照片的证据归类

本文对案件发生过程中拍摄的现场照片如何归类进行了论证,从目前各种学术著作对书证和视听资料所做的界定进行分析,探究现场照片作为诉讼证据是否被涵盖其中。现场照片如果归入书证的范畴,那么对传统意义上的书证需要做出新的思考;对于存储在电子设备中的数码照片,如果归入视听资料的范畴,对传统意义上视听资料的特点也需要做出修正。     

中印参与区域经济合作现状分析与比较

中国和印度同为亚洲发展中大国,20世纪末以来,两国都在加强各自的区域经济合作.本文分析了中国和印度参与区域经济合作的现状,并对中印参与区域经济合作的特点进行了比较,探讨了二者的共性与不同.     

复方蒲公英对金黄色葡萄球菌耐药质粒的体外消除试验

通过以复方蒲公英注射液为消除剂、十二烷基硫酸钠为对照组消除剂,以从患有乳腺炎乳牛的乳汁中分离的多重耐药菌株为靶细菌进行耐药质粒体外消除试验,用质粒DNA抽提与琼脂糖凝胶电泳方法观察复方蒲公英注射液对该耐药菌株质粒的影响,探讨了复方蒲公英注射液作为消除剂的可能性。结果显示,复方蒲公英注射液对耐药金黄色葡萄球菌作用24h,其1/2MIC、1/4MIC、1/8MIC的消除率分别为2%、2.6%、3.6%,延长作用时间至48h,其1/2MIC、1/4MIC、1/8MIC的消除率分别为2.8%、3.6%、4.4%。证实,复方蒲公英注射液对金黄色葡萄球菌耐药质粒有消除作用,可用于临床治疗耐药金黄色葡萄球感染。     

银杏露止咳祛痰作用研究

目的：观察银杏露对急、慢性支气管炎咳嗽喘息的作用。方法：采用氨水引咳法、毛细管法及耐低氧实验观察银杏露止咳、祛痰及耐低氧作用。结果：银杏露有明显的镇咳、祛痰作用,其适当剂量能延长小鼠低氧生存时间。结论：银杏露是良好的止咳、祛痰中药制剂。     

普京对俄罗斯社会发展影响之析

分析普京对其国家社会发展道路的影响因素,可以折射出普京在今后的领导道路上如何超越自己,以怎样的路径实现持续增长、通过改革和创新提升经济与社会进步的质量,某种程度上决定着俄罗斯能否进入新的发展期。     

替米考星肺靶向微球的研制

采用乳化-化学交联法制备了替米考星肺靶向微球,并采用高效液相色谱法,通过MCPKP药代动力学软件分析,验证了该替米考星明胶微球在兔体内的肺靶向性。结果显示,替米考星明胶微球性质稳定、分散良好,且带有正电荷,平均粒径为11.20μm,粒径5.0～25.0μm的微球占总数的95.65%;载药量为39.83%,包封率为70.47%;形态圆整;体外释药半衰期(T50)为5.99 h,约在35 min时有突释效应,随后缓慢释放。替米考星明胶微球对肺的靶向效率较心脏、肌肉、肝和肾分别提高了5.05、3.04、4.60、3.47倍;肺、心脏、肌肉、肝和肾的相对摄取率分别为8.48%、1.72%、2.79%、1.85%和2.44%;肺、心脏、肌肉、肝和肾的峰浓度比分别为2.19、0.41、0.64、0.75和0.84。表明用优化的制备工艺制得的替米考星明胶微球有良好的肺靶向性,同时可以减轻替米考星的心脏毒性。