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251.
Sandra Leanne Bosacki 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2003,32(2):141-155
This study examined individual differences in the relations among preadolescents' sociomoral understanding and self-understanding, teacher and peer ratings of school behavior. Two hundred and thirty-nine preadolescents (M = 11.9 years; 127 girls and 112 boys) completed tasks concerning perceptions of competence, vocabulary, and peer-rated social competence. Students also participated in a story-telling interview that assessed sociomoral understanding and self-understanding. Results indicated links between various self-concept dimensions and (a) teacher ratings of academic competence, peer aggression (both physical and relational), and prosocial behavior; and (b) general vocabulary ability. Both sociomoral understanding and self-understanding were found to be linked to perceived academic competence for boys only. Independent of vocabulary ability, girls scored higher than boys on perceived behavioral conduct, teacher ratings of relational aggression (Grade 6 only), and self-understanding, particularly a sense of self-agency. Content analysis showed that girls were more likely than boys to refer to their parents when discussing their sense of self-agency. Independent of vocabulary ability, boys scored marginally higher than girls on sociomoral understanding. Results are discussed in terms of curricular implications for inter- and intrapersonal understandings. 相似文献
252.
Sandra W. Schoenholtz Harvey A. Horowitz Ronny Shtarkshall 《Journal of youth and adolescence》1988,18(1):97-106
Under investigation were effects of a course in sex education on a population of emotionally disturbed adolescents who were enrolled as day patients in a school program that is part of the Adolescent Treatment Program of the Institute of Pennsylvania Hospital. Pre- and posttesting of knowledge and attitudes and staff observation were used to measure changes. The results of the study indicated that patients responded age appropriately and gained knowledge and an increased openness about sexuality issues. In addition, there was no regression nor dysfunction as a result of the materials presented, and therapeutic and educational processes were not disrupted by the patients' involvement in the course. It was concluded that a sex education course is clinically and educationally useful on many levels within a therapeutic setting.Received M.S. from University of Pennsylvania. Research interests: Special education, Sex education.Received M.D. from Temple University School of Medicine. Research interests: Psychopathology of adolescence, treatment of seriously disturbed adolescents.Received Ph.D. from Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Research interests: Sexuality education. 相似文献
253.
254.
Sandra Acker 《Women's studies international forum》1983,6(2):191-201
In Britain, women academics occupy an elite position and therefore have not excited much feminist sympathy. Yet when compared to their male counterparts such women are clearly disadvantaged. This paper analyses three persistent problems British women academics typically encounter. The first involves the coordination, over time, of demands of two ‘greedy institutions’: home and work. The second is the management of colleague relations while occupying token status in a department. The third is the task of understanding and confronting biases reflecting male dominance in what is considered acceptable professional knowledge and practice. What links all three is the marginality, the ‘otherness’ of women academics. Their vulnerability is high and their political potential low; yet by advancing feminist scholarship they can turn their talents to good use. 相似文献
255.
256.
Sandra K. McCallum 《Canadian public administration. Administration publique du Canada》1984,27(4):611-616
Abstract: This paper examines the historical foundation of the legal framework of the duties and responsibilities of the civil servant. Historically the crown could not be sued in tort and it seemed appropriate then to sue the individual servant who had created the wrong. In the mid-twentieth century, the crown was made liable in tort vicariously, so the liability of the civil servant was preserved in order to set up the vicarious liability of the crown. Generally the crown indemnifies its servant. It is argued here that the vicarious liability of the crown, and the consequent need to keep the personal liability of the civil servant, is an anachronism which stands in the way of a proper airing of the issues between citizens and government. It favours neither the wrongdoer nor the wronged and should be abolished. Moreover, it leaves to the court the important policy questions which should be dealt with by the legislature on a conceptual basis, not by the court on a case-by-case ad hoc basis. Sommaire: Cette étude examine le fondement historique du cadre juridique des devoirs et des responsabilitks des fonctionnaires. Autrefois, il était impossible d'intenter une action én dommages-intérêts contre la Couronne; il fallait plutôt intenter une action contre le fonctionnaire responsable de l'acte délictueux. Au milieu du vingtième siècle, la Couronne s'est vu attribuer la responsabilité délictueuse du fait d'autrui, la responsabilité des fonctionnaires devant être conservée de façon à assigner la Couronne comme commettant. En général, aujourd'hui, la Couronne prend fait et cause pour ses fonctionnaires et les indemnise. L'auteur soutient que la responsabilité du fait d'autrui conférée à la Couronne et la nécessitié de maintenir la responsabilité personnelle du fonctionnaire sont des anachronismes qui font obstacle à un débat ouvert entre le public et le gouvernement. Ce système ne f avorise ni celui qui a commis le délit ni celui qui en a souffert, et devrait donc être aboli. De plus, il laisse aux tribunaux le soin de résoudre d'importants problèmes de politiques qui devraient être traités par le Parlement selon une approche conceptuelle et non par les tribunaux suivant les circonstances de chaque cas. 相似文献
257.
China’s rise is increasingly impacting on the global financial and monetary order. To manage its growing centrality in global financial flows and its new relevance for patterns of currency usage, Beijing has been creating a set of new institutional arrangements in three crucial fields: the provision of crisis liquidity, development financing, and a global infrastructure to internationalize its currency. In contrast to the dominant power political interpretation of such developments, this article highlights the strong linkages of Beijing’s new initiatives with the changes in China’s capitalist development path and stresses their experimental character that serves to manage the economic and political risks of China’s accelerating financial internationalization. With a distinct learning attitude regarding its rising geoeconomic prominence and engagement, Beijing’s risk-averse strategy involves a very careful linking, layering, and nesting of new arrangements. 相似文献
258.
Shelby Elaine McDonald Rosalie Corona Anna Maternick Frank R. Ascione James Herbert Williams Sandra A. Graham-Bermann 《Journal of family violence》2016,31(7):849-864
This study examined patterns of intimate partner violence (IPV) exposure and three domains of competence among 288 children recruited from community-based domestic violence agencies. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was performed to identify subgroups of children who differed based on levels of social, academic, and extracurricular competence and exposure to IPV. Five distinct latent profiles were identified: Frequent IPV Exposure-Low Activity Competence (39 % of children), Frequent IPV Exposure-Average Global Competence (31 % of children), Frequent IPV Exposure-High Global Competence (13 % of children), Low IPV Exposure-Compromised School Competence (11 % of children), and Low IPV Exposure-Compromised Global Competence (6 % of children). Covariates distinguished between the profiles (e.g., yearly household income, maternal education, number of children in the household) and the groups were characterized by statistically significant mean differences in total behavior problems. Implications for future research and community-based preventive intervention efforts are discussed. 相似文献
259.
Liane Ioannou Sandra Braaf Peter Cameron Stephen J. Gibson Jennie Ponsford Paul A. Jennings Carolyn A. Arnold Nellie Georgiou-Karistianis Melita J. Giummarra 《Psychological injury and law》2016,9(4):376-389
Seeking or receiving compensation after injury is frequently associated with poor recovery. Previous research has shown that the stressful nature of compensation procedures and perceived injustice may cause secondary harm. This study examined compensation system experiences in compensation claimants in Victoria, Australia, and explored the relationship between these experiences and injury outcomes. One hundred and sixty compensable patients (120 male, 75.0 %) aged 18–67 years (M?=?43.01, SD?=?14.31), hospitalized for an injury in a motor vehicle crash (n?=?137) or at work (n?=?23), participated. Participants completed questionnaires about compensation system experience, pain, and psychological symptoms 12 months after injury. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the compensation system experience items revealed three components explaining 66.64 % of the variance in compensation experience: (1) “negative procedural experience” (47.29 %), (2) “compensation supported recovery” (10.43 %), and (3) “positive procedural experience” (8.92 %). Worse experience on all components was associated with worse pain (severity, interference, catastrophizing, disability) and psychological symptoms (anxiety, depression, PTSD, perceived injustice). Compensation system experience reflected both negative and positive procedural factors, and feeling supported through recovery. Most participants reported having positive experiences; however, those who were frustrated or stressed from compensation procedures had worse pain and psychological health outcomes. While this association is likely to be bidirectional with “non-recovery” also impacting on compensation experience appraisals, compensation schemes should nonetheless address modifiable sources of procedural injustice (e.g., arduous paperwork and approvals processes) and reinforce procedures that generate perceptions of support (e.g., timely and appropriate access to health services). 相似文献
260.
This special issue examines the consequences of the ongoing power transition in the world economy for global regulatory regimes, especially the variation in rising powers' transition from rule-takers to rule-makers in global markets. This introductory article presents the analytical framework for better understanding those consequences, the Power Transition Theory of Global Economic Governance (PTT-GEG), which extends the scope of traditional power transition theory to conflict and cooperation in the international political economy and global regulatory governance. PTT-GEG emphasizes variation in the institutional strength of the regulatory state as the key conduit through which the growing market size of the emergent economies gives their governments leverage in global regulatory regimes. Whether or not a particular rising power, for a particular regulatory issue, invests its resources in building a strong regulatory state, however, is a political choice, requiring an analysis of the interplay of domestic and international politics that fuels or inhibits the creation of regulatory capacity and capability. PTT-GEG further emphasizes variation in the extent to which rising powers' substantive, policy-specific preferences diverge from the established powers' preferences as enshrined in the regulatory status quo. Divergence should not be assumed as given. Distinct combinations of these two variables yield, for each regulatory regime, distinct theoretical expectations about how the power transition in the world economy will affect global economic governance, helping us identify the conditions under which rule-takers will become regime-transforming rule-makers, regime-undermining rule-breakers, resentful rule-fakers, or regime-strengthening rule-promoters, as well as the conditions under which they remain weakly regime-supporting rule-takers. 相似文献