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151.
Anita Talberg Peter Christoff Sebastian Thomas David Karoly 《International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics》2018,18(2):229-253
Geoengineering—the deliberate interference in the climate system to affect global warming—could have significant global environmental and social implications. How to shape formal geoengineering governance mechanisms is an issue of debate. This paper describes and analyses the geoengineering governance landscape that has developed in the absence of explicit geoengineering regulation. An Earth System Governance perspective provides insight into the formation of norms resulting from an overlap in international treaties and from the actions of engaged non-state agents. Specifically, the paper explores the instruments and actors having effect in existing formal and informal geoengineering governance mechanisms. It finds that geoengineering is subject to a form of ‘governance-by-default’. This is due to a situation in which state actors have not resolved the tension between two legal norms: that of ‘precaution’ and that of ‘harm minimisation’. This governance-by-default is characterised by uneven regulation from existing multilateral agreements established for other purposes, an absence of regulation specifically focused on geoengineering, guidance from an international ambition to hold global average warming below 2 °C and to achieve net-zero emissions in the second half of the century, and strong normative engagement by the research community. Governance-by-default is likely to be a stopgap development until more enduring and focused governance emerges. 相似文献
152.
Sebastian Oberthür 《International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics》2009,9(4):371-391
This article investigates how and to what extent the current management of inter-institutional relationships within International
Environmental Governance (‘interplay management’) contributes to Environmental Policy Integration (EPI), and identifies options
for enhancing EPI among international institutions. To this end, it first develops a framework for the systematic analysis
and assessment of interplay management as a means for achieving ‘strong’ EPI, distinguishing four levels and two principal
modes of management. On this basis, the article assesses the current contribution of International Environmental Governance
to advancing EPI as regards three categories of institutional interaction. The analysis demonstrates the need to fit interplay
management to the particular governance conditions of varying interaction situations and highlights the lack of systematic
and consistent support for EPI among international institutions. Options to improve this situation include in particular promoting
inter-institutional learning and assistance for the benefit of environmental institutions as well as ensuring consideration
of and respect for environmental requirements. Adapting the statutes and mandates of individual institutions and developing
suitable guidance under general international (environmental) law have the highest potential for implementing these options.
In contrast, joint management initiatives and a strengthened international environmental organisation have a much more limited,
supplementary potential. 相似文献
153.
Speculative uses for a protein are not sufficient to fulfilthe requirement for industrial application since a patent isnot a hunting licence to find a use for an invention. 相似文献
154.
Sebastian Blesse 《Local Government Studies》2019,45(5):611-631
ABSTRACTWhile many central governments amalgamate municipalities, mergers of larger county administrations are rare and hardly explored. In this article, we assess both fiscal and political effects of county mergers in two different institutional settings: counties act autonomously as upper-level local governments (Germany), or counties being decentralised branches of the state government (Austria). We apply difference-in-differences estimations to county merger reforms in each country. In both cases, some counties were amalgamated while others remain untouched. Austrian counties (Bezirke) and German counties (Landkreise) widely differ in terms of autonomy and institutions, but our results are strikingly similar. In both cases, we neither find evidence for cost savings nor for staff reductions. Instead, voter turnout consistently decreases in merged counties, and right-wing populists seem to gain additional support. We conclude that political costs clearly outweigh fiscal null benefits of county merger reforms – independent of the underlying institutional setting. 相似文献
155.
The normative question regarding whether the media should have more or less impact on politics, as viewed by politicians and journalists, is important assuming that norms about media influences can influence behaviors. The present study is the first that combines individual and structural factors that explain political actors’ and journalists’ normative views on the media’s influence on politics. Based on a conceptualization of political communication cultures, representative micro-level survey data from more than 600 political actors and journalists within 52 German cities were combined with macro-level indicators for the political and media competition in each city. Multilevel analyses show that interactions between the actors’ characteristics and their competitive working conditions help explain their normative evaluations of the media’s influence on politics. However, individual characteristics such as actors’ role conceptions influence normative views more so than media and political competition do. 相似文献
156.
157.
Sebastian Garmann 《Public Choice》2017,170(1-2):99-113
In recent years, scholars and policymakers alike have discussed potential causes and consequences of low voter turnout. Election administration laws may provide means to encourage turnout that are of low cost and easily implementable. In this paper, I provide a policy evaluation of a change in an election administration law. Specifically, I estimate the causal effect of a reduction in the opening hours of polling stations on turnout. To this end, I make use of a policy change in a German state that cut the number of opening hours of polling stations. Using political units from an adjacent state with the same election dates and effectively the same election system as a control group in a difference-in-differences design, I find that reducing the opening hours of polling stations significantly reduces voter turnout. 相似文献
158.
In 2015, Germany experienced a record high influx of refugees – and received international praise for its ‘welcome culture’. At the same time, however, attacks on refugees rose to an alarming level. This article describes the distribution of these attacks and probes their causes, using detailed socioeconomic and political data while modelling a hierarchical data structure. Controlling for further relevant factors taken from the extant literature, the analysis first tests whether the strength of extreme right political parties plays a role and, second, it models a contagion effect, taking into account spatial as well as temporal proximity. The findings suggest that the strength of right-wing parties in a district considerably boosts the probability of attacks on refugees in that area. They also corroborate the idea of behavioural contagion. The set of social-structural variables employed as controls yielded only limited explanatory power. 相似文献
159.
Policy Sciences - Despite a renaissance of policy design thinking in public policy literature and a renewed interest in agency in the policy process literature, agency in the policy design process... 相似文献
160.
Oliver Eberl Peter Niesen Hubertus Buchstein Jens Hacke Tilo Schabert Wilhelm Bleek Tine Hanrieder David Kühn Steffen Kailitz Raimund Wolf Eike-Christian Hornig Steffen G. Schneider Sebastian Schwark Bernhard Stahl Arno Mohr Burkard Steppacher Matthias Belafi Anna Gielas Andreas Umland Hans-Christian Crueger 《Politische Vierteljahresschrift》2008,49(4):756-798
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