Zwangsstrafe,Sachwalter

Die Verh?ngung einer Zwangsstrafe nach § 5 Abs 1 VVG setzt voraus, dass die Person, gegen die das Zwangsmittel gerichtet ist, überhaupt f?hig ist, einen rechtserheblichen Willen zu bilden, der durch die Verh?ngung des Zwangsmittels beeinflusst werden soll. Ist der Beh?rde die Besachwalterung einer Person für die Vertretung vor Gerichten, Beh?rden, Dienststellen und Sozialversicherungstr?gern, für die Verwaltung von Einkünften, Verm?gen und Verbindlichkeiten sowie für die Vertretung bei Rechtsgesch?ften, die über Gesch?fte des t?glichen Lebens hinausgehen, bekannt, kann sie nicht vertretbar davon ausgehen, dass die betreffende Person f?hig ist, einen rechtserheblichen Willen zu bilden, der durch eine Zwangsstrafe beeinflusst werden kann. Die Auffassung der Beh?rde, der Sachwalter h?tte "aktiv werden müssen und zB am Aufenthaltsort der Berufungswerberin Nachschau nach dem Führerschein halten müssen", übersieht, dass die gegen die Beschwerdeführerin gerichtete Zwangsstrafe – ungeachtet der Zustellung des Bescheides an den Sachwalter – auf eine Willensbeugung der Beschwerdeführerin und nicht auf ein T?tigwerden des Sachwalters gerichtet war.     

Application of the Iscan method to two- and three-dimensional imaging of the sternal end of the right fourth rib

Age determination is a major field of interest in physical and forensic anthropology. Among the different methods based on macroscopic skeletal study, the Iscan method, which analyzes the sternal end of the right fourth rib, is one of the most reliable. We applied the Iscan method to two- and three-dimensional multislice computed tomography (MSCT) reconstructions of the sternal end of the right fourth rib on 39 ribs. The intra-observer variability on MSCT reconstructions was good (gamma coefficient equal to 0.86; value of the Krippendorff's alpha reliability equal to 0.79); inter-observer variability on MSCT reconstructions was also good (gamma coefficient ranging from 0.82 to 0.88; value of the Krippendorff's alpha reliability ranging from 0.78 to 0.86). We demonstrated excellent agreement between the results of analysis of bone samples and those of the two- and three-dimensional images, in particular regarding bone projections, morphology of the pit and of its rim. The accuracy of age estimation did not significantly differ between the Iscan method applied to dry bones and the same method applied to MSCT images. Determination of the Krippendorff's alpha reliability coefficient for the inter-error method confirmed the agreement between phase estimations obtained with the two methods (ranging from 0.55 to 0.71). The real civil age was comprised in 21 cases out of 36 for assessment performed on dry bones and in 23 cases out of 36 on MSCT reconstructions, which represented 58.3% and 63.9%, respectively. Use of MSCT reconstructions in forensic anthropology offers many advantages: no bone preparation, no damage to bone material, and the possibility of application to living individuals.     

Screening of myocardial contraction bands: a comparison between two histological staining methods.

Two histological stains for demonstration of contraction bands (cb): Mallory's phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin (PTAH) and a modification of luxol fast blue (LFB) were compared. Microscopical sections from hearts from 60 autopsies were screened. The regional distribution of the cb lesions was also studied. It was found that PTAH showed cb more consistently than LFB. None of the stains were suitable for screening in the lowest magnification. In cases of cardiac death the cb were often extensive and scattered throughout the myocardium. In non-cardiac deaths with cb these were always discrete and seen only in one location which might be a means of differentiating lesions of pathogenetic importance from agonal ones.     

Order authorizing termination of certain life support systems

An elderly, severely brain-damaged patient was being ventilated and given nutrition and antibiotics intravenously in a medical center's critical care unit. Her legal guardian requested authorization to order that the respirator be withdrawn and the administration of nutrition and antibiotics be stopped. A Missouri circuit court ruled that, while public policy, as evidenced in the state's living will statute, permitted withdrawing the respirator, it apparently precluded withholding or withdrawing nutrition, hydration, or antibiotics.     

Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Movers Scale in a French-Canadian Population

The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a study that draws upon a collaborative research strategy and has two main objectives: 1) Translating and adapting into French the Measure of Victim Empowerment Related to Safety (MOVERS scale) (Goodman et al. Psychology of Violence, 5(4), 355-366, 2015a); 2) Validating the French version of the MOVERS scale in a population of French-Canadian women receiving shelter services. The French-Canadian MOVERS (FCM) was administered to 189 women receiving shelter services in the province of Québec (Canada). The factorial structure, reliability and validity of the FCM were tested. This paper highlights that the FCM replicates the three dimensions found in the original version (Goodman et al. Psychology of Violence, 5(4), 355-366, 2015a), displays significant correlations with measures of depression, anxiety and stress, self-esteem, perceived social support, satisfaction with life and self-efficacy, and has overall good reliability estimates. The FCM is a valid and reliable scale to assess safety-related empowerment among women receiving shelter services. Furthermore, the scale provides interesting opportunities to shelter workers, which will be discussed in the paper.

     

Kontaktstelle, Zustellung, Hinterlegung

§ 17 Abs 3 ZustG gelangt auch bei Zustellungen an der Kontaktstelle als Abgabestelle zur Anwendung. Eine Abwesenheit von der Kontaktstelle (Abgabestelle), die auf die Wirksamkeit der Zustellung oder den Zustellzeitpunkt – unter dem Gesichtspunkt, ob der Empf?nger rechtzeitig Kenntnis von der Sendung erlangen konnte – Einfluss haben k?nnte, muss l?ngerfristig sein. Ein Obdachloser, der seine Kontaktstelle als Abgabestelle angegeben hat, hat seine l?ngerfristige Abwesenheit von der Kontaktstelle iSd § 17 Abs 3 ZustG der Beh?rde initiativ darzulegen, sofern die Beh?rde diesbezüglich nicht bereits über konkrete Anhaltspunkte verfügt.