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951.
Ben Stanley 《欧亚研究》2014,66(8):1295-1322
The 2007 Polish general election confirmed a significant shift in patterns of elite political competition, as the inherited ‘regime divide’ was superseded by a ‘transition divide’ defined by the ‘liberal-orthodox’ model of post-communist reform. However, the existing literature on Polish voting behaviour lacks diachronic analyses of the changing relationships between structures, attitudes, party preferences and voting behaviour. This article seeks to fill that gap. It finds that there was no clear evidence of cleavage change over the period: there was more consistency than flux in preferences, and limited shifts in the influence of particular variables on voting behaviour. 相似文献
952.
Pauline Saint‐Martin M.D. Christopher Rogers M.D. Eugene Carpenter M.D. Michael C. Fishbein M.D. Ph.D. Stanley Lau M.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2009,54(4):930-932
Abstract: Subaortic pseudoaneurysms are rare but can be a cause of sudden death in young individuals. This case report involves a 20‐year‐old Vietnamese male who died suddenly from rupture of a subaortic pseudoaneurysm with resultant hemopericardium with tamponade. He had a history of bicuspid aortic valve with recent but healed Staphylococcal endocarditis. A review of the literature reveals few similar cases and enlightens the association between aortic bicuspid valve, endocarditis, and subvalvular aortic aneurysm. The pathogenesis as well as recent studies that identified aneurysm predisposing genes in patients with bicuspid aortic valve will be discussed. 相似文献
953.
Sree Kanthaswamy Ph.D. Bradley K. Tom M.S. Anna‐Maria Mattila M.S. Eric Johnston M.S. Melody Dayton M.S. Jennifer Kinaga B.S. Bethany Joy‐Alise Erickson B.S. Joy Halverson D.V.M. Dennis Fantin Ph.D. Sue DeNise Ph.D. Alexander Kou B.S. Venkat Malladi B.S. Jessica Satkoski Ph.D. Bruce Budowle Ph.D. David Glenn Smith Ph.D. Mikko T. Koskinen Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2009,54(4):829-840
Abstract: Canine biological specimens are often part of the physical evidence from crime scenes. Until now, there have been no validated canine‐specific forensic reagent kits available. A multiplex genotyping system, comprising 18 short tandem repeats (STRs) and a sex‐linked zinc finger locus for gender determination, was developed for generating population genetic data assessing the weight of canine forensic DNA profiles. Allele frequencies were estimated for 236 pedigreed and 431 mixed breed dogs residing in the U.S. Average random match probability is 1 in 2 × 1033 using the regional database and 1 in 4 × 1039 using the breed dataset. Each pedigreed population was genetically distinct and could be differentiated from the mixed breed dog population but genetic variation was not significantly correlated with geographic transition. Results herein support the use of the allele frequency data with the canine STR multiplex for conveying the significance of identity testing for forensic casework, parentage testing, and breed assignments. 相似文献
954.
Bruce Budowle Ph.D. Jianye Ge M.S. Xavier G. Aranda M.S. John V. Planz Ph.D. Arthur J. Eisenberg Ph.D. Ranajit Chakraborty Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2009,54(5):1016-1021
Abstract: Three sampled populations of unrelated males—African American, Caucasian, and Hispanic, all from Texas—were typed for 16 Y short tandem repeat (STR) markers using the AmpFlSTR® YfilerTM kit. These samples also were typed previously for the 13 core CODIS autosomal STR loci. Most of the 16 marker haplotypes (2478 out of 2551 distinct haplotypes) were observed only once in the data sets. Haplotype diversities were 99.88%, 99.89%, and 99.87% for the African American, Caucasian, and Hispanic sample populations, respectively. FST values were very small when a haplotype comprised 10–16 markers. This suggests that inclusion of substructure correction is not required. However, haplotypes consisting of fewer loci may require the inclusion of FST corrections. The testing of independence of autosomal and Y STRs supports the proposition that the frequencies of autosomal and Y STR profiles can be combined using the product rule. 相似文献
955.
This paper describes a persistent problem in online disputeresolution, namely substandard ODR presentations made by inarticulateand lesser dispute-wise disputants make the bargaining conditionsuneven. Three innovations are introduced to address the problem:the SSF design solution, expert-peer online assessment, anda formula for expert-peer assessment. The innovations buildon previous work, and have been modified to accommodate thelimitations and requirements of online dispute resolution andaddress the problem in section 1. The paper is organized infive sections. Section 1 describes the uneven condition favoringthe reputable disputants in online dispute resolution, thataffects inarticulate and disadvantaged, lesser dispute-wisedisputants. Section 2 is a review of the literature of threecommon solutions to the problem: structured argument solutions,technology-intensive solutions and design presentation solutions.The four research questions addressed at the end of Section2 are concerned only with the factors contributing to the statedproblem. Section 3 is an introduction to the SSF design solutionfor online dispute presentations to address the uneven conditionsfor less dispute-wise claimants and respondents. Section 4 introducesa method of presenting communications in online dispute resolutioncalled expert-peer online assessment, and an expert-peer formulafor evaluating online dispute presentations. Section 5 is adiscussion of the research questions introduced in section 2over the concerns expressed about ODR, and a considered reviewof the innovations in light of the literature on ODR. 相似文献
956.
Pardue A Arrigo BA 《International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology》2008,52(4):378-400
The extant research on rapists repeatedly indicates that particular offender types can be specified. These include the power, anger, and sadistic assailants. Despite such classifications, limited empirical or anecdotal efforts have undertaken the task of exploring the personality features of each rapist type. This article endeavors to fill this gap in the literature. Using the heuristic analytical lens and the case study method, the high-profile crimes of Gilbert Escobedo (power type), Paul Bernardo (anger type), and Jeffrey Dahmer (sadistic type) are reviewed. As the article discloses, unique personality features were exhibited. Moreover, each rapist type displayed a number of convergent as well as divergent character traits. Given these findings, the article concludes with a series of summary observations relevant for future research on rape and personality as well as prospects for clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. 相似文献
957.
Ireland C Berg B 《International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology》2008,52(4):474-491
Although the number of females in law enforcement has increased in recent years, research suggests that the uniquely gendered contributions of females are minimized in favor of traditional modes of law enforcement, emphasizing physical presence, authoritative commands, and demonstrative control. This research examines women in parole, using in-depth interviews with a small convenience sample of female parole agents in California. Participants discussed their experiences as parole agents from the perspective of women in a predominantly male occupation. Overwhelmingly, they emphasized traditionally associated female traits of intuition, verbal communication, and relationships, over physical tactics. Participants emphasized the importance of building respect and rapport with parolees in multiple contexts, including in the parolees' homes, with the families of parolees, and at parolees' places of employment. Participants suggested that this approach ensures their personal safety and enhances parolee compliance, especially when considering their subjective account of experiences by male parole agents. 相似文献
958.
Multilateral (many-party) negotiations are much more complex than traditional two-party negotiations. In this article, we explore a model of social network activity, especially clique formation, among parties engaged in multilateral negotiation and the implications that such networks might have on the negotiation process and outcome. Using data collected from 375 subjects participating in a negotiation simulation, our results reveal that, primarily, the negotiator's perspectives of clique formation (coalition building) — both his or her own and the other party's — have unique effects on the integrative, problem-solving approaches used in the process and on the negotiator's satisfaction with outcomes. Secondarily, centrality (manifest as emergent power) has a positive effect on both problem solving and satisfaction. Interestingly, we found that those players who emerged as the most dominant and powerful were not as satisfied (in relative levels) as those who were less powerful. 相似文献
959.
Annette McKeown Nicholas D. Thomson 《The journal of forensic psychiatry & psychology》2019,30(3):484-495
There has been a longstanding debate and mixed evidence on the link between psychopathy and intelligence. Most of the existing research comes from male prisoners, with the literature on female psychopathy and intelligence remaining sparse. Thus, the current study explored the correlational association between psychopathy and intelligence in a sample of high-risk violent female offenders. This is the first study of its kind from the Offender Personality Disorder (OPD) pathway for women in the United Kingdom (UK). The sample includes high-risk violent women presenting with severe personality disorder. In the present study, we conducted a correlational examination between total scores, and the 2-factor and 4-facet structure of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) with intelligence using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS). No significant associations were found between total PCL-R scores, or factor 2, and intelligence. Positive associations were found between verbal comprehension and factor 1 and the interpersonal facet. Thus, the results suggest high-risk violent female offenders with interpersonal psychopathic traits demonstrate higher levels of verbal comprehension skills. This finding may help explain why psychopathic female offenders, who can be characterized by deceitful and egocentric behaviours, may be able to successfully charm and con others for their own personal gain. 相似文献
960.
Stanley L. Paulson 《The Modern law review》2017,80(5):860-894
Two major questions stem from the fundamental shift in Hans Kelsen's legal philosophy that takes place in 1960 and the years thereafter: first, the scope of the shift and, second, its explanation. On the first question, I argue that the shift is not limited to Kelsen's rejection of the applicability of logic to legal norms. Rather, it reaches to his rejection of the entire Kantian edifice of his earlier work. On the second question, I argue that the explanation for the shift has a conceptual dimension as well as a historico‐biographical dimension. That is, I argue that Kelsen's rejection of the principle of non‐contradiction vis‐à‐vis legal norms reaches to the Kantian edifice in that the principle was presupposed in Kelsen's earlier work and appears, expressis verbis, in his ‘Kantian filter’. And I argue that certain historico‐biographical data are germane, including, quite possibly, the earlier revolution in Kelsen's thought, that of 1939–40. 相似文献