党推进社会主义事业前进规律论

中国共产党能领导中国人民不断取得社会主义事业的胜利,关键在于成功地实现了马克思主义与中国实际相结合,制定出正确的路线,有一支德才兼备的干部队伍,并发展了广泛的爱国统一战线,从而把社会主义事业不断推向前进.     

宪法适用应依循宪法本身规定的路径

我国宪法适用主要应该走最高国家权力机关立法适用和监督适用的路径。宪法适用"司法化"的路径悖离现行宪法,行不通。现行宪法从来没有任何规定曾由司法机关作为裁判依据合法地适用过。如果一定要说我国有"宪法司法化"的案例,那也只能作为个别法院违宪违法的证据,不应成为其他法院效法的榜样。一些法律、法学界人士对"宪法司法化"的渲染是非理性的。应当以现行宪法为基础确立理性的宪法适用观念。鼓励"宪法司法化"不仅无助于促进宪法适用,还会妨碍我国宪法适用体制的完善和宪法适用效能的提升。法院审理案件援引宪法与"宪法司法化"没有必然联系,而法院审理案件未援引宪法也并不表明其行为一定不具有"宪法司法化"性质。对于法院援引宪法应根据不同情况区别对待。消解"宪法司法化"的关键在于强化宪法立法适用,落实宪法监督适用。     

宪法适用如何走出"司法化"的歧路

对于人民法院裁判文书援引宪法应根据不同具体情况区别对待.人民法院对宪法做遵守性援用或说理式援引能促进宪法实施,维护宪法的权威.宜循宪定或法定程序矫正"宪法司法化"现象显露的偏颇.须提升法官宪法素养以消除形成"宪法司法化"现象的主观隐患.可考虑从改善细成人员专业结构入手增强国家机关的宪法辨识能力."发展是硬道理",最高国家权力机关应当进一步强化宪法立法适用,适时启动或激活宪法监督适用机制,解释宪法.只要宪法监督适用机制日益行之有效,"宪法司法化"一定会逐渐消解于无形.     

DNA Typing for the Identification of Old Skeletal Remains from Korean War Victims*

Abstract: The identification of missing casualties of the Korean War (1950–1953) has been performed using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) profiles, but recent advances in DNA extraction techniques and approaches using smaller amplicons have significantly increased the possibility of obtaining DNA profiles from highly degraded skeletal remains. Therefore, 21 skeletal remains of Korean War victims and 24 samples from biological relatives of the supposed victims were selected based on circumstantial evidence and/or mtDNA‐matching results and were analyzed to confirm the alleged relationship. Cumulative likelihood ratios were obtained from autosomal short tandem repeat, Y‐chromosomal STR, and mtDNA‐genotyping results, and mainly confirmed the alleged relationship with values over 10⁵. The present analysis emphasizes the value of mini‐ and Y‐STR systems as well as an efficient DNA extraction method in DNA testing for the identification of old skeletal remains.     

Facilitating public-to-private technology transfer through consortia: initial evidence from Korea

Korean public research institutes (PRIs) are experimenting with a consortia approach for promoting public-to-private technology transfer. This research examines the effectiveness of five regional technology transfer consortia operating in Korea from 2002 to 2006 and explores their characteristics including motivations, facilitators, barriers, and challenges. The paper reports both quantitative and qualitative evidence. Archival and survey data were collected on the effectiveness and characteristics of the technology transfer consortia. The proposition was supported that membership in these consortia can enhance the technology transfer performance of participating PRIs. Reasons on how consortia increase PRI performance are discussed and four key drivers are seen as being critical to increasing the effectiveness of consortia. Conclusions focus on lessons learned for policy makers, PRIs, and consortia.     

费用推动程序

以律师费为主要构成内容的费用机制是群体诉讼作用得以发挥的结构性条件,各种群体诉讼制度都有与自身相匹配的费用机制,费用对群体诉讼程序的促进有诉讼内与诉讼外两种机制。群体诉讼费用的负担既要符合合法性原则,也要允许法院对费用负担进行适当的自由裁量,方法包括诉讼费用转移给被告、诉讼外第三人、代理律师和代表人等。为促进并规制群体诉讼制度的发展,我国可考虑建立以法院裁量为保障的当事人分摊费用制度和律师胜诉取酬制度。     

宽严相济刑事政策基本问题再认识

宽严相济刑事政策对惩办与宽大相结合政策的调整与发展,应是一项基本刑事政策。宽严相济刑事政策的内涵应解释为以宽济严,区别对待,宽严审时。其他刑事政策像＂严打＂政策,死刑政策,教育、感化、挽救政策是宽严相济刑事政策的题中应有之义。它不仅是刑事司法政策,而且还是刑事立法政策与刑事执行政策,贯彻实现于刑事立法、刑事司法与刑事执行全过程。     

Simple and highly effective DNA extraction methods from old skeletal remains using silica columns

The recovery of DNA data from old skeletal remains is often difficult due to degraded and very low yield of extracted DNA and the presence of PCR inhibitors. Herein, we compared several silica-based DNA extraction methods from artificially degraded DNA, DNA with PCR inhibitors and DNA from old skeletal remains using quantitative real-time PCR. We present a modified large-scale silica-based extraction combined with complete demineralization, that enables maximum DNA recovery and efficient elimination of PCR inhibitors. This is performed with high concentration of EDTA solution for demineralization of bone powder followed by QIAamp^® spin columns and buffers from the QIAquick^® PCR purification kit. We have successfully used this modified technique to perform STR analysis for 55-year-old skeletal remains. The results of this study will contribute to solve the forensic cases dealing with skeletal remains.     

试论高校职业指导工作的内容和方法

学校就业指导工作,要本着以提高毕业生就业率为主线,以提升学生综合就业能力为出发点,拓宽就业指导工作的内容,规范职业指导工作的方法,全面实现职业指导与学生世界观、人生观、价值观教育相结合,职业指导与学生职业生涯规划教育相结合,职业指导与学生培训教育相结合。