Development of a specific fragment pattern-based quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry method to screen adulterated products of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors and their analogues

Recently, adulterated supplements with phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE-5i) have frequently observed. New synthetic analogues obtained from the chemical modification of parent compounds are frequently found in illicit products despite continuous efforts to inspect for these adulterants. A rapid and accurate method based on quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry was developed for simultaneously confirming and quantifying 85 PDE-5i and derived analogues present in illicit products for erectile dysfunction (ED). Common ions of PDE-5i according to their similar structures were proposed based on MS/MS fragmentations. These common ions could be an important diagnosis of their presence targets or new emerging analogues in supplements. Several validation parameters were employed, resulting in a limit of detection and quantification of 0.09–8.55 ng/mL and 0.24–17.10 ng/mL, respectively. The linear correlation coefficient (r²) was higher than 0.995, and mean recoveries of target compounds were in the range of 82–118%. A total of 187 illicit products, obtained from on/offline markets over a period of 3 years (2015–2017), were screened by the established method. Approximately 53% of them were adulterated with PDE-5i or derived analogues at concentrations of 0.1–726.0 mg/g in the illicit products. In the interests of public health, this study describes a rapid and accurate method to determine PDE-5i and new emerging analogues in adulterated products.     

Development of Latent Fingermarks on Surfaces of Food‐A More Realistic Approach

Latent fingermark developing methods from food (mandarin, egg, banana, apple, potato, carrot, eggplant, onion, bell pepper, and tomato) surface has been studied by 10 methods, including powdering method, small particle reagent method, and cyanoacrylate fuming method. The foods were stored under two conditions (room temperature and refrigerator) before fingermark deposition and aged for 2, 24, 48, and 72 h before fingermark development. In most of the food surfaces used in this study, cyanoacrylate fuming with 80% relative humidity was superior to the powder or small particle reagent methods. The quality of the fingermarks varied depending on the storage conditions before the fingermark deposition (in the refrigerator or at ambient temperature) and the time elapsed since the fingermark deposition. However, the storage conditions before the fingermark deposition and the time elapsed since the fingermark deposition did not show any correlation with the quality of the fingermark.     

浅论社会主义劳动关系

社会主义劳动关系是进一步解放和发展生产力的劳动关系,是优于资本主义的劳动关系.其主要内涵是:相互依存、各尽所能、共决利益、和谐共赢.坚持发展中国特色的社会主义事业,既要肯定资本的正面功能和积极作用,又要坚决有效地引导、限制和阻止资本的负面功能和消极作用;同时要引导和促进劳动关系主体双方在利益相关、命运相连、共同合作的企...     

美国禁止报复性起诉规则研究

在美国法中,报复性起诉因为违反正当程序的要求而被禁止。联邦最高法院通过一系列案件确立禁止报复性起诉规则的推定原则,其原因主要在于检察官可能由于其繁重的办案压力、谋求更高的政治职位以及社会公众的压力等滥用检察裁量权,而为报复性起诉。虽然该规则现在不断萎缩,报复性起诉仍然是美国法中规制检察官起诉裁量权滥用的宪法性保障,而且近些年来也有一些地方法院试图恢复该推定规则。在防止检察机关公诉权滥用和保护当事人合法权益等方面,美国禁止报复性起诉规则对于我国有一定的借鉴意义。     

论权利质押的成立

本文主要参考大陆法 ,就权利质押制度构造中的权利质押成立的几个特殊问题 ,即权利质押标的的构成要件、权利质押标的种类、权利质押的设定行为进行了深入的分析与研讨 ,完善了我国权利质押理论 ,并为未来的《民法典》的制定提供有益的准备。