L’Oeuvre de Jerzy Wróblewski: Aux confins du paradigme analytique

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试论烟花爆竹习俗的时代局限——兼谈走出传统民俗扬弃之路的困境

在中国,燃放烟花爆竹是一项历史悠久的民俗活动,应用于许多场合,尤其是在节日燃放,可以增加喜庆气氛.随看现代城市社会基本结构和生存空间的变化,燃放烟花爆竹所带来的人身威胁、心理损伤、噪声污染、环境污染,已成为社会的一大公害.如何对待传统民俗,如何对民俗文化做出正确、合理的选择,既考验看政府的行政能力、学者的智慧和胸怀,也彰示着全民的价值取向和时代精神.     

“Sex change” in skeletal remains: Assessing how heat-induced changes interfere with sex estimation

The true impact of heat-induced changes in human bone regarding their sex estimation has not been comprehensively documented having a potentially negative impact on forensic anthropology. The objective of this paper was to evaluate how heat exposure affects sex estimation based on both morphological and metric features. The study focused in both low-to-medium intensity burns and high intensity burns. Selected sexually dimorphic features were analysed in 51 experimentally burnt skeletons from the 21st Century Identified Skeletal Collection. Bones were burnt to maximum temperatures between 450 °C and 1050 °C achieved after 75 to 257 min. Morphological methods tested in this study comprised the recommendations for hipbone features from Buikstra and Ubelaker (1994) and from Bruzek (2002). On the other hand, metric references tested here were the ones from Wasterlain (2000), Curate et al. (2016) and Gonçalves et al. (2013) focused on the humerus, femur, calcaneus and talus. Agreement was tested with Gwet’s AC1 test and was further assessed by calculating the relative amount of perfect agreements. Results demonstrated that heat-induced changes affected not only the scoring of morphological features burnt at high temperatures but also the scoring of features burnt at lower intensities. On the other hand, metric features were only considerably affected in high intensity burns, no major changes being documented for low-to-medium intensity burns. For low-to-medium intensity burns, the Bruzek and Curate et al. methods revealed a better agreement between the pre- and post-burning scores. For high intensity burns, better agreement was obtained by using the Bruzek (2002) and Gonçalves et al. (2013) methods. As expected, heat-induced warping, fracture and metric change had a major impact on the pre- and post-observations’ agreement. Contrary to what has been systematically assumed over the years, this impact is also quite substantial in bones burnt at low-to-medium burn intensities so caution is advised during the analysis of this kind of burnt skeletal material.     

Differences in Handwritings of Schizophrenia Patients and Examination of the Change after Treatment

The aim of this study was to analyze the differences between the handwritings of schizophrenia patients and healthy subjects in addition to the changes that occurred in schizophrenia patients' handwriting in response to the treatment. The test subjects were 29 schizophrenia patients and 29 healthy individuals with the same age, gender, and dominant hand. The changes in the handwritings were examined according to 14 different parameters. On the day of admittance, the percentage of extra letters was 16.7%, and after 7–10 days of hospitalization, it rose to 33.3%. The percentage of skipped words decreased from 29.2% to 16.7% after 7–10 days of hospitalization, and to 10% after 3 weeks. The letters written by schizophrenia patients are significantly larger in height and width compared to the control group. The schizophrenia patients showed a higher incidence of crossed-out letters, adding extra words, missing punctuation as well as missing words.     

周恩来启动中美谈判要回钱学森始末

钱学森回国受阻震惊新中国钱学森于1935年赴美国留学,经过十年的不懈努力,他成为当时世界一流的火箭专家。由于发表了“时速为一万公里的火箭已成为可能”的惊人火箭理论而誉满全球。这位加州理工学院的教授在“二战”期间,与其导师冯·卡门参与了当时美国绝密的“曼哈顿工程”     

民族主义的中国法治——以我国民法概念为切入点

我国目前的法治反映了一种特定的平等观。这种平等观在强调人与人平等的同时,也强调了人与国家的不平等。这种平等观是近代以来盛行中国的民族主义的产物。我国法治放弃传统的以私权限制公权的方式界定国家与个人之间界限的模式,而以公权确定私权的方式取而代之,体现了民族主义的精神。在与自由主义法治相比较的前提下,我们可以将中国的法治称为民族主义的法治。随着社会的发展,我国法治将逐渐由目前的体现民族主义精神的依公法治国转变为依民法治国。     

论金代社会治安管理制度

十二世纪初，骁勇的女真民族以武立国后，对社会治安的管理逐渐系统化，确立了社会治安秩序管理、市场经济秩序治安管理、户籍管理、交通安全管理、消防管理等专项治安管理制度，为维护政权的稳定和社会的发展起到强大的推动作用，在中国古代治安史上具有十分鲜明时代和民族特色，对今天的社会治安管理也具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Complex Individualism and Legitimacy of Absolute Property Rights

In this article my purpose is to go thoroughly into the ideas expressed by economists regarding the legitimacy of absolute property rights. I visit the Lockian argument taken up by Murray Rothbard (1.1) and the principle of the finder keeper clarified by Israel Kizner (1.2). I argue that it is impossible to legitimate either the property of the finder keeper or the property of oneself if man does not think of himself as an individual. Indeed individualism becomes the cultural prerequisite required to acknowledge the rights of the finder keeper and the goods obtained through labour. Here, Hayek's complex individualism is akin to the hypothesis of the social animal of Benjamin Constant and the work of Gabriel Tarde on the transformation of law. The individual is both an effect and a cause of property rights.