中国发展道路的贡献

2006年9月12日美国http://www·coun-terpunch·org网站刊登了依附理论的代表人物萨米尔·阿明题为《中国发展道路的贡献》一文。文章结合国际共运史和第三世界发展史,探讨了毛泽东开创的在落后国家成功赢得解放和发展的道路至今具有的巨大意义。文章主要内容如下。第二国际的马克思主义是以无产阶级和欧洲为中心的,它和当时主导性的意识形态具有相同的线性历史观:根据这种欧洲中心的线性历史观,所有的社会将不得不先经过资本主义阶段(这个阶段实际上和殖民主义直接相关,但是在第二国际的马克思主义看来,这也是有历史性的积极意义的),然后才…     

世界文学面临的三重挑战

世界文学的时代已经来临.世界文学是当今全球化的伴生物.应坚定地支持世界文学这项计划.然而,要想发展并建立起一个完善严密的世界文学学科,目前的语境却与历史上其他时期的语境--比如说两个世纪之前歌德倡议阅读世界文学的那个时期--具有很大差异.我们今天面临的最大的语境便是全球化.世界文学至少面临三重挑战:一是翻译的挑战;二是表述的挑战;三是如何对"文学"定义的挑战.     

China Revisited

It was in November 1975 that Iwas posted to the People's Re-public of China as Tanzanian Am-bassador Extraordinary and Pleni-potentiary. I served in China fornine years. During that period Ivisited many places in all the prov-inces except Tibet and Taiwan.China was coming to the end of     

Comprehensively Advance Reform of the Urban Housing System Opinion. [Summary 1991

On 31 December 1991, the Chinese State Council Housing System Reform Leading Group announced this Opinion, setting out targets, principles, and policies for the reform of the system of provisional housing in urban areas. Section 1 of the Opinion provides that the long-term goal of reform is to convert the distribution of housing from a system based on welfare allocation to one based on commodity exchange either by purchase or rental. Section 2 sets the following targets for reform: a) within the period of the Eighth Five-Year Plan, the system will be converted from one of low rent to one in which the calculation of rent will be based on cost of upkeep, administration costs, and depreciation; b) by 2000, the calculation of rent will be based on the above factors, as well as interest on investment and property taxes; and c) in the long term, the calculation of rent will be based on all of the above factors, as well as land rent, insurance premiums, and profit. Section 4 deals with policies for managing various problems such as rent increases and subsidies, sales of housing, financing for housing, the system of investment in and construction of housing, and administration of housing. This Section provides that a three-level housing investment fund based on municipalities, work units, and individuals will be established.