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51.
This study explores the existence and predictive ability of a behavior-based typology of men who were adjudicated for a domestic
violence crime in an urban criminal justice system. Data from 671 men who completed a 2-hour biopsychosocial assessment were
analyzed using cluster analysis. Findings indicate a typology of low level criminality (25.6%), dysphoric volatile behavior
(42.2%), and dysphoric general violence (32.2%) similar to previous typologies, but with some unique characteristics. The
behavior-based typology predicted both program completion and subsequent rearrest. This study provides preliminary support
for the development of typological assessment in criminal justice and BIP settings for early identification of men who may
need additional interventions. 相似文献
52.
Nicole A Vincent 《Criminal Law and Philosophy》2010,4(1):77-98
Various authors debate the question of whether neuroscience is relevant to criminal responsibility. However, a plethora of
different techniques and technologies, each with their own abilities and drawbacks, lurks beneath the label “neuroscience”;
and in criminal law responsibility is not a single, unitary and generic concept, but it is rather a syndrome of at least six
different concepts. Consequently, there are at least six different responsibility questions that the criminal law asks—at
least one for each responsibility concept—and, I will suggest, a multitude of ways in which the techniques and technologies
that comprise neuroscience might help us to address those diverse questions. In a way, on my account neuroscience is relevant
to criminal responsibility in many ways, but I hesitate to state my position like this because doing so obscures two points
which I would rather highlight: one, neither neuroscience nor criminal responsibility are as unified as that; and two, the
criminal law asks many different responsibility questions and not just one generic question. 相似文献
53.
This paper contributes to the ongoing discussion about the distinction between observations and propositions in forensic inference, with a specific focus on forensic voice comparison casework conducted in the UK. We outline both linguistic and legal issues which make the evaluation of voice evidence and the refinement of propositions problematic in practice, and illustrate these using case examples. We will argue that group-level observations from the offender sample will always be evidential and that the value of this evidence must be determined by the expert. As such, a proposal is made that experts should, at least conceptually, think of voice evidence as having two levels, both with evidential value: group-level and individual-level. The two rely on different underlying assumptions, and the group-level observations can be used to inform the individual-level propositions. However, for the sake of interpretability, it is probably preferable to present only one combined conclusion to the end user. We also wish to reiterate points made in previous work: in providing conclusions, the forensic expert must acknowledge that the value of the evidence is dependent on a number of assumptions (propositions and background information) and these assumptions must be made clear and explicit to the user. 相似文献
54.
55.
Barbara Zwirs Frank Verhulst Vincent Jaddoe Albert Hofman Johan Mackenbach Henning Tiemeier 《心理学、犯罪与法律》2013,19(4):335-349
Abstract From a criminological perspective, romantic relationships are supposed to decrease the risk of antisocial behaviour (Laub, Nagin, & Sampson, American Sociological Review, 63, 225–238, 1998). However, the effects of these relationships probably depend on the romantic partner's behaviour. In the current study we examined partner similarity for antisocial behaviour in an ethnically heterogeneous community sample of 4135 married, cohabiting and dating couples from Rotterdam, the Netherlands, using self-reports. Spousal correlations were consistently positive for antisocial behaviour but differed in strength according to the type of antisocial behaviour. Associations between spouses remained strong after adjusting for age and educational level depending on the type of antisocial behaviour. In addition, antisocial behaviour was positively associated between partners across marital status and ethnicity, but the strength of this association varied to some extent. Results are discussed in light of the phenotypic assortment, the socialization and the social homogamy hypotheses. 相似文献
56.
Vincent Gourdon 《The History of the Family》2013,18(1):77-91
The history of grandparents is too often founded on a demographic prejudice, that is, the very low statistical possibility of children having known their grandparents before the rise in life expectancy in the twentieth century. On the basis of a sample of several thousand children bom in the region of Vernon (Normandy) at the end of the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth century, the article contests this idea and shows that newborns knew about half of their grandparents, with a slight advantage on the grandmothers' side. Inequalities were present between elder and younger siblings, but the latter also profited from the presence of their forbears. Consequently, the study of the different functions served by grandparents in the traditional family should be pursued, and questions should be raised about the contemporary concept of “new grandparents” by separating it from the demographic assumption on which it is based. 相似文献
57.
Donley T. Studlar Dianne L. Alexander Joanna E. Cohen Mary Jane Ashley Roberta G. Ferrence John S. Pollard 《The Journal of Legislative Studies》2013,19(2):93-103
This research note provides an overview and an update on the social and political backgrounds of all elected Canadian legislators at the federal and provincial/territorial levels of government in 1996. For provincial/territorial legislators data are presented by electoral jurisdiction, and for all legislators by level of government and political party. Relatively few differences in social characteristics were found between the two levels although there were some variations by province, territory and party. Business, education and law are the three most prevalent occupations, although the latter has declined among legislators over time. There is little movement of members from the provincial to the federal level. The most common political experience of both groups lies in municipal governance. Over time women have increased their share of seats at both levels. Even in a polity such as Canada with high rates of legislative turnover at both federal and provincial/territorial levels and with new parties emerging, most changes in social and political experience backgrounds proceed incrementally. 相似文献
58.
59.
60.
Vincent Foucher 《Canadian journal of African studies》2013,47(2):363-390
Migration from Zimbabwe has recently been described as an archetypal form of “mixed migration” in which refugees and migrants are indistinguishable from one another. This paper argues that such a state-centred understanding of mixed migration oversimplifies a far more complex reality and fails to adequately account for the changing nature of Zimbabwean out-migration. Based on data from three separate Southern African Migration Programme (SAMP) surveys undertaken in 1997, 2005 and 2010 at key moments of transition, the paper shows how the form and character of mixed migration from the country has changed over time. The country’s emigration experience since 1990 is divided into three periods or “waves”. The third wave (roughly from 2005 onwards) has seen a major shift away from circular, temporary migration of individual working-age adults towards greater permanence and more family and child migration to South Africa. Zimbabwean migrants no longer see South Africa as a place of temporary economic opportunity for survival but rather as a place to stay and build a future for themselves and their families. 相似文献